The Nervus Terminalis in Insectivorous Bat Embryos and Notes on Its Presence During Human Ontogeny^a

Terminal nerve in the mouse‐eared bat (Myotis myotis): Ontogenetic aspects

“…The data of this investigation confirm the high variability of the terminal nerve (Huber and Guild, 1913;McCotter, 1913McCotter, , 1915Brookover, 1914Brookover, , 1917Johnston, 1914;Larsell, 1918Larsell, , 1950Humphrey, 1940;Pearson, 1941;Sinclair, 1951aSinclair, , 1951bSinclair, , 1951cBojsen-Møller, 1975;Cooper and Bhatnagar, 1976;Brown, 1980Brown, , 1987Haymaker et al, 1982;Wirsig, 1985;Buhl and Oelschlä ger, 1986;Leonard, 1986a, 1986b;Jastrow, 1995), including the fact that the TN may be unilateral (Jastrow et al, 1998). Analysis of many ontogenetic stages shows a concentration of neurons in some ganglia and along fiber bundles and the persistence of a considerable number of TN neurons up to the adult mouse-eared bat.…”

“…In the material scrutinized in this investigation, apart from some spindle-shaped bipolar cells, multipolar TNn clearly predominated. This situation may be typical for bats in general (Brown, 1980(Brown, , 1987Oelschlä ger, 1988; this study), and such neurons may have a sensory or vegetative function. In their study on the TN of different mammals, Huber and Guild (1913) suggest that TN neurons mostly resemble those of cervical sympathetic ganglia.…”

“…It was found in all mammals investigated so far (with few questionable exceptions) (Brown, 1987). Whether or not the gonadotropin-releasing hormone-immunoreactive (GnRH) neurons arise from the olfactory placode or neural crest, they are the main source of GnRH (Krey and Silverman, 1978;King et al, 1984;Schwanzel-Fukuda et al, 1985, 1988Caldani et al, 1987;, 1990Zheng et al, 1988;Jennes, 1989;Wray et al, 1989aWray et al, , 1989bDemski et al, 1990;Ronnekeiv and Resco, 1990;Oelschlä ger and Northcutt, 1992;Muske, 1993;Northcutt and Muske, 1994;Jastrow et al, 1998).…”

Comparative Morphology of the Internal Nasal Skeleton of Adult Marsupials Based on X-ray Computed Tomography

“…The ossified nasal septum is derived from one or more midline endochondral ossification centers, either from the mesethmoid, the presphenoid, or both elements, whereas the ethmoid forms from several lateral perichondral ossification centers that arise in membranes induced by placodes . The epithelium covering the ossified nasal septum is innervated by the terminal nerve (cranial nerve 0) in the embryos of a variety of mammals (e.g., Brown, 1987;Schwanzel-Fukuda et al, 1987;Witkin, 1987), whereas fibers of the olfactory nerve (cranial nerve I) innervate the epithelium surrounding the ethmoid. Finally, the ossified nasal septum and ethmoid are not present together in all mammals.…”

Development of the neurons controlling fertility in humans: new insights from 3D imaging and transparent fetal brains

“…The VNN and TN travel together across the nasal region (Brown, 1987), emerging from the vomeronasal epithelium and running medially from the olfactory epithelium towards the dorsal region of the OB. Their central entry, however, differs: it has previously been shown that the VNN reaches the dorsal region of the OB, namely the developing accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), which is responsible for coding pheromonal information after birth, whereas the TN projects both ventrally and dorsally within the forebrain, primarily to the septal, hypothalamic and limbic areas (Pearson, 1941a,b;Schwanzel-Fukuda and Silverman, 1980;Wirsig-Wiechmann and Oka, 2002).…”