The Nerves of the Testis, Epididymis, and Scrotum

Hodson, Norma

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386601-1.50008-1

Cited by 54 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…These results agree with those reported in the cat, dog, guinea pig and human (El Badawi and Schenk, 1967;Norberg et al, 1967;Baumgarten et al, 1968;Hodson et al, 1970;Dail et al, 1993;Gürtler, 2001) including camelus dromedarius (Saleh et al, 2002). The smooth musculature of the caput and corpus epididymis displays spontanueous contraction involving cGMP in the signalling pathway (Risley, 1958;Talo, 1981;Gerendai et al, 2001;Mewe et al, 2006), while the cauda epididymis is normally quiescent until neural input is received during the ejaculatory process (Hib et al, 1982).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Innervation and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Epididymis in Alpaca Camelid (Vicugna Pacos)

Liguori

Paino

Squillacioti

et al. 2013

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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Alpacas (Vicugna pacos) are domesticated camelids indigenous to south America and recently also bred in Europe and Italy for their high quality wool. There is little data available regarding the innervation of the male reproductive tract of this species. In the present study, the distribution of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), neuropeptide Y (NPY), tyrosine hydroxilase (TH), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) was analyzed in the epididymis by using immunohistochemical methods. Specimens of the caput, corpus and cauda epididymis were fixed in Bouin's fluid and processed for immunohistochemistry analysis with primary antibodies against PGP 9.5, NPY, TH, CGRP and SP. Immunopositivity to PGP 9.5 and TH and NPY was observed in nerve fibre bundles and in single nerve fibres contained into the peritubular connective tissue. Many TH and NPY immunopositive cells were found to innervate blood vessels. Rare CGRP and SP immunopositive nerves were observed. Several PGP 9,5 and NPY immunopositive epithelial cells were observed in the caput epididymis. The results of the present study suggest a role for the innervations in modulate reproductive functions in the alpaca epididymis.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Innervation and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Epididymis in Alpaca Camelid (Vicugna Pacos)

Liguori

Paino

Squillacioti

et al. 2013

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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“…It is therefore tempting to speculate that in vivo these agents reach the fetal testis and exert a local regulation within the fetal testis. On the other hand, the presence of adrenergic axons innervating testicular interstitial tissue was reported for the adult (Goujard, 1954;Hodson, 1970;Lawrence & Burden, 1976;Frankel & Ryan, 1981). Such a direct involvement of the autonomie nervous system is likely to occur during fetal development since neural pathways innervating the fetal urogential complex have been characterized (Brauer et al, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Catecholamine-induced stimulation of testosterone production by Leydig cells from fetal mouse testis

Pointis¹,

Latreille²

1987

Reproduction

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Summary. In contrast to the strong stimulation of testosterone production by hCG, L-isoproterenol had little effect on freshly isolated Leydig cells from 18-day-old mouse fetuses. However, the ability of fetal Leydig cells to respond to L-isoproterenol exposure increased during culture (0\p=n-\24h). The response of the cultured cells to Lisoproterenol was dose-dependent with an ED50 at 2 \ m=x\10\m=-\7M. Adrenaline and noradrenaline at a concentration of 10 \ m=-\ 5 M also increased testosterone production by cultured fetal Leydig cells. DL-Propranolol, a \g=b\-antagonist,inhibited L-isoproterenolstimulated testosterone production in a dose-dependent manner, while phentolamine, an \g=a\-adrenergicantagonist, had no effect. These results suggest that catecholamines may play an essential role in the control of testicular steroidogenesis during fetal development.

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“…In the male rat the GFn has been variously reported to arise from lumbar spinal nerves 2 and 3 (Greene, 1955;Clegg & Doyle, 1966;Grant, 1966), and lumbar spinal nerves 1 and 2 (Hodson, 1970;Hebel & Stromberg, 1986), confirmed more recently by the use of immunohistochemical techniques (Nagy & Senba, 1985;Wang et al 1989; Kar et al 1990). Running caudally, the lumbar spinal nerves converge to form the GFn proper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…However, more recently it has been reported in the rat that the scrotum is innervated by branches of the pudendal nerve (Pacheco et al 1997;McKenna & Nadelhaft, 1986) and not by the GFn. Adding to this complexity are reports that the GFn is composed of both motor and cutaneous components in the cat and rabbit (Langley & Anderson, 1896), the rat (Greene, 1955;Hodson, 1970) and humans (Reid & Cros, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An anatomical and electrophysiological study of the genitofemoral nerve and some of its targets in the male rat

Zempoalteca

Martı́nez–Gómez

Hudson³

et al. 2002

Journal of Anatomy

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Anatomical descriptions of the genitofemoral nerve (GFn) innervating the lower pelvic area are contradictory. Here we re-examine its origin and innervation by its various branches of principal target organs in the male rat. Using gross dissection, electrophysiological techniques and retrograde tracing of motoneurones with horseradish peroxidase, we confirm that the GFn originates from lumbar spinal nerves 1 and 2, and that at the level of the common iliac artery it divides into a lateral femoral and a medial genital branch. In contrast to previous studies, we report that the genital and not the femoral branch innervates the abdominal-inguinal skin, and not only the genital but also the femoral branch innervates the cremaster muscle (Cm) surrounding the testes. Motoneurones innervating the Cm proper are located in the ventral nucleus of L1 and L2, and those innervating the muscular transition region of the rostral Cm are located in the ventral nucleus in L1 and the ventrolateral nucleus in L2. The GFn may contribute to male reproductive performance by transmitting cutaneous information during copulation and, via contraction of the Cm to promote ejaculation, the protective displacement of the testes into the abdominal cavity during fighting and as a sperm-protecting thermoregulatory measure.

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The Nerves of the Testis, Epididymis, and Scrotum

Cited by 54 publications

References 85 publications

Innervation and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Epididymis in Alpaca Camelid (Vicugna Pacos)

Innervation and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Epididymis in Alpaca Camelid (Vicugna Pacos)

Catecholamine-induced stimulation of testosterone production by Leydig cells from fetal mouse testis

An anatomical and electrophysiological study of the genitofemoral nerve and some of its targets in the male rat

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