The Nephrotic Syndrome

Urinary Tract Infections in Children with Primary Nephrotic Syndrome and Acute Glomerulonephritis

“…Furthermore, infections including UTI have been implicated as a trigger of relapse in some children with NS. 11,12 Our findings however, indicate that UTI is uncommon in new cases of NS as only a prevalence of 3% was recorded. This finding contrasts with that of other workers who found a higher prevalence of between 12.5-44.8%.…”

A Study of Random Urine Protein to Creatinine Ratio in the Diagnosis of Nephrotic Syndrome in Children

“…Historically, Roelans is credited with the first clinical description of nephrotic syndrome in the late fifteenth century, whereas Zuinger later provided a detailed description of the clinical course of the disease and its importance as a cause of chronic renal failure in the presteroid era. 1 Nephrotic syndrome may be caused by a variety of glomerular and systemic diseases, but by far the most common type in childhood is idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Before the introduction of antibiotics, corticosteroids, and other immunosuppressive therapies, nephrotic syndrome was associated with mortality as high as 67%, usually following infections.…”

An Update of Management of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome: A Review Article

“…The daily dose of 60 mg/m 2 / day for 4 weeks and the starting dose of 40 mg/m 2 for alternate day therapy were also used empirically by the APN 45,46 and have not been examined in RCTs so while these doses are recommended, the quality of evidence supporting these data is very low. APN has demonstrated a reduction in RR for relapse in cyclosporine (150 mg/m 2 /day for 8 weeks) and prednisolone compared with prednisolone alone for 6 months (104 children; RR 0.33; 95% CI 0.13-0.83), but not at 1 or 2 years 44,47 .…”

“…• Resistance to steroid therapy Frequently relapsing or steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome KDIGO Guidelines: (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) The daily dose of 60 mg/m 2 /day and the starting dose of 40mg/m 2 for alternate day therapy were used empirically by the ISKDC 49 and the APN 50 and have not been examined in RCTs. So, while these doses are recommended, the quality of evidence supporting these data is very low.…”