The Nepalese species of the genus Enicospilus Stephens, 1835 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae): a preliminary revision and identification key to species

Abstract

A total of 10 species of Enicospilus (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae) have previously been reported from Nepal. Six new species are described here (E. alleni Shimizu sp. nov., E. kakanicus Shimizu sp. nov., E. nepalensis Shimizu sp. nov., E. nikami Shimizu sp. nov., E. phulchokiensis Shimizu sp. nov., and E. tangi Shimizu sp. nov.), and 10 are newly recorded (E. ashbyi Ashmead, 1904, E. bifasciatus (Uchida, 1928), E. capensis (Thunberg, 1824), E. flavocephalus (Kirby, 1900), E. formosensis (Uchida, 1928), E. grammospilus (Enderlein, 1921), E. pudibundae (Uchida, 1928), E. purifenestratus (Enderlein, 1921), E. yonezawanus (Uchida, 1928), and E. zebrus Gauld & Mitchell, 1981) from Nepal. A preliminary identification key to the Nepalese species of Enicospilus is provided. The elevational pattern of Nepalese Enicospilus is briefly discussed. Enicospilus purifenestratus is also recorded for the first time from Brunei.

Integrative taxonomy and analysis of species richness patterns of nocturnal Darwin wasps of the genus Enicospilus Stephens (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae) in Japan

“…Newly recorded from Indonesia. JAPAN: [Ryûkyûs] Okinawa (Shimizu and Maeto 2016; present study). Bionomics.…”

“…Terms for surface microsculpture follow Eady (1968) and Gauld and Mitchell (1981). The terms, abbreviations, and indices for head, wings and metasoma follow mainly Shimizu and Lima (2018), Shimizu (2020) and partly Broad et al (2018). The indices, terms, and abbreviations Table 3.…”

“…Many lepidopteran families, such as Noctuidae, Notodontidae and Saturniidae, are recorded as hosts (e.g., Mitchell 1978, 1981;Gauld 1988;Broad and Shaw 2016). They are frequently collected at light and usually considered to be nocturnal or crepuscular (e.g., Gauld and Mitchell 1981;Gauld 1988;Shimizu and Maeto 2016;Shimizu 2017). Some Enicospilus are parasitoids of economically important Lepidoptera pests (e.g., Nagatomi et al 1972;Kusigemati 1976).…”

Figure 12 from: Shimizu S, Broad GR, Maeto K (2020) Integrative taxonomy and analysis of species richness patterns of nocturnal Darwin wasps of the genus Enicospilus Stephens (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae) in Japan. ZooKeys 990: 1-144. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.990.55542

“…4). Wing characters have probably been regarded as the most important diagnostic characters in nocturnal Ophioninae by many previous authors (e.g., Gauld 1977;Gauld and Mitchell 1981;Shimizu 2020). These are much easier to use than other characters and can easily be measured.…”

Figure 14 from: Shimizu S, Broad GR, Maeto K (2020) Integrative taxonomy and analysis of species richness patterns of nocturnal Darwin wasps of the genus Enicospilus Stephens (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae) in Japan. ZooKeys 990: 1-144. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.990.55542

“…Australasian, Eastern Palaearctic, and Oriental regions (Yu et al 2016). JAPAN: [Tôhoku] Akita*, Yamagata (Uchida 1928;Shimizu 2020; present study), and Fukushima*; [Hokuriku] Niigata*; [Kantô-Kôshin] Tochigi (Uchida 1928) and Tôkyô (Konishi and Maeto 2000; present study); [Tôkai] Shizuoka*; [Kinki] Shiga*, Kyôto*, Hyôgo*, and Wakayama*; [Chûgoku] Shimane* and Hiroshima (Konishi and Nakamura 2002, 2005Maeto and Shimizu 2019; present study); [Kyûshû] Fukuoka*, Nagasaki*, and Kagoshima (Shimizu 2020); [Ryûkyûs] Kagoshima (Uchida 1956;Momoi 1970; Shimizu 2020; present study) and Okinawa (Momoi 1970; Shimizu 2020; present study). *New records.…”