The Neon Nova. III. The Infrared Light Curves of Nova QU Vulpeculae (Nova VUL 1984#2)

Gehrz, R. D.; Jones, T. J.; Matthews, K.; Neugebauer, G.; Woodward, C. E.; Hayward, T. L.; Greenhouse, Matthew A.

doi:10.1086/117523

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Classical novae also show signs of dust formation and coronal emission, but these two are rarely seen together in the same object (Gehrz et al 1998). The combination of both dust formation and coronal emission has been reported only a few times in classical novae (e.g., Gehrz et al 1995Gehrz et al , 2008Mason et al 1996 (Stathakis & Sadler 1991;Turatto et al 1993;Chugai & Danziger 1994). It is likely that SN 1995N is closely related as well (Fransson et al 2002), but a comparison of the time evolution is difficult because SN 1995N was discovered late.…”

Section: Sn 1988z Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

CORONAL LINES AND DUST FORMATION IN SN 2005ip: NOT THE BRIGHTEST, BUT THE HOTTEST TYPE IIn SUPERNOVA

Smith¹,

Silverman²,

Chornock³

et al. 2009

ApJ

186

352

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We present optical photometry and spectroscopy of SN 2005ip for the first 3 yr after discovery, showing an underlying Type II-L supernova (SN) interacting with a steady wind to yield an unusual Type IIn spectrum. For the first ∼160 d, it had a fast linear decline from a modest peak absolute magnitude of about −17.4 (unfiltered), followed by a plateau at roughly −14.8 for more than 2 yr. Initially having a normal broad-lined spectrum superposed with sparse narrow lines from the photoionized circumstellar medium (CSM), it quickly developed signs of strong CSM interaction with a spectrum similar to that of SN 1988Z. As the underlying SN II-L faded, SN 2005ip exhibited a rich high-ionization spectrum with a dense forest of narrow coronal lines, unprecedented among SNe but reminiscent of some active galactic nuclei. The line-profile evolution of SN 2005ip confirms that dust formation caused its recently reported infrared excess, but these lines reveal that it is the first SN to show clear evidence for dust in both the fast SN ejecta and the slower post-shock gas. SN 2005ip's complex spectrum confirms the origin of the strange blue continuum in SN 2006jc, which also had post-shock dust formation. We suggest that SN 2005ip's late-time plateau and coronal spectrum result from rejuvenated CSM interaction between a sustained fast shock and a clumpy stellar wind, where X-rays escape through the optically thin interclump regions to heat the pre-shock CSM to coronal temperatures.

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Section: Sn 1988z Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

CORONAL LINES AND DUST FORMATION IN SN 2005ip: NOT THE BRIGHTEST, BUT THE HOTTEST TYPE IIn SUPERNOVA

Smith¹,

Silverman²,

Chornock³

et al. 2009

ApJ

186

352

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…While it is possible to then consider the derived estimate as an upper limit to the Galactic nova rate, we caution that our search is not sensitive to slowly evolving eruptions from novae forming dust at late times (e.g. Gehrz et al 1995;Appendix B) or to events that have prior history of variability in dwarf novae (Murphy-Glaysher et al 2022) or symbiotic systems (Schaefer 2010). Certain sub-types of novae forming dust at late times, or displaying MIR coronal emission lines are indeed known to have long-lived IR light curves (Gehrz et al 1995; see also Figure 1) which may be missed by our search due to their extremely slow IR evolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapidly evolving Galactic plane outbursts in NEOWISE: Revisiting the Galactic nova rate with the first all-sky search in the mid-infrared

Zuckerman¹,

De²,

Eilers³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The Galactic nova rate is intimately linked to our understanding of its chemical enrichment and progenitor channels of Type Ia supernovae. Yet past estimates have varied by more than an order of magnitude, (≈ 10 − 300 yr −1 ) owing to limitations in both discovery methods as well as assumptions regarding the Galactic dust distribution and extragalactic stellar populations. Recent estimates utilizing synoptic near-infrared surveys have begun to provide a glimpse of a consensus (≈ 25 − 50 yr −1 ); however, a consistent estimate remains lacking. Here, we present the first all-sky search for Galactic novae using 8 years of data from the NEOWISE mid-infrared (MIR) survey. Operating at 3.4 and 4.6 𝜇m where interstellar extinction is negligible, the 6-month cadence NEOWISE dataset offers unique sensitivity to discover slowly evolving novae across the entire Galaxy. Using a novel image subtraction pipeline together with systematic selection criteria, we identify a sample of 49 rapidly evolving MIR outbursts as candidate Galactic novae. While 27 of these sources are known novae, the remaining are previously missed nova candidates discovered in this work. The unknown events are spatially clustered along the densest and most heavily obscured regions of the Galaxy where previous novae are severely underrepresented. We use simulations of the NEOWISE survey strategy, the pipeline detection efficiency, and our criteria to derive a Galactic nova rate of 47.9 +3.1 −8.3 yr −1 . The discovery of these exceptionally bright (yet overlooked) nova candidates confirm emerging suggestions that optical surveys have been highly incomplete in searches for Galactic novae, highlighting the potential for MIR searches in revealing the demographics of Galactic stellar outbursts.

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“…A less likely alternative is that this was the coronal-emission phase of an ONe nova such as QU Vul (Greenhouse et al 1988(Greenhouse et al , 1990. These novae appear to be several absolute magnitudes fainter at 4.5 µm during maximum light than dusty novae (see, e.g., Gehrz et al 1995b).…”

Section: Fe: Archetypal Slow Spritementioning

confidence: 99%

Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Luminous Extragalactic Infrared Transients and Variables from the SPIRITS Survey

Bond,

Jencson,

Whitelock

et al. 2022

Preprint

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SPIRITS-the SPitzer InfraRed Intensive Transients Survey-searched for luminous infrared (IR) transients and variables in nearly 200 nearby galaxies from 2014 to 2019, using the warm Spitzer telescope at 3.6 and 4.5 µm. Among the SPIRITS variables are IR-bright objects that are undetected in ground-based optical surveys. We classify them as (1) transients, (2) periodic variables, and (3) irregular variables. The transients include "SPRITE"s (eSPecially Red Intermediate-luminosity Transient Events), having maximum luminosities fainter than supernovae, red IR colors, and a wide range of outburst durations (days to years). Here we report deep optical and near-IR imaging with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) of 21 SPIRITS variables. They were initially considered SPRITE transients, but many eventually proved instead to be periodic or irregular variables as more data were collected. HST images show most of these cool and dusty variables are associated with star-forming regions in late-type galaxies, implying an origin in massive stars. Two SPRITEs lacked optical progenitors in deep pre-outburst HST images; however, one was detected during eruption at J and H, indicating a dusty object with an effective temperature of ∼1050 K. One faint SPRITE turned out to be a dusty classical nova. About half the HST targets proved to be periodic variables, with pulsation periods of 670-2160 days; they are likely dusty asymptotic-giant-branch (AGB) stars with masses of ∼5-10 M . A few of them were warm enough to be detected in deep HST frames, but most are too cool. Out of six irregular variables, two were red supergiants with optical counterparts in HST images; four were too enshrouded for HST detection. SPIRITS: SEARCHING FOR EXTRAGALACTIC INFRARED TRANSIENTS AND VARIABLESSeveral classes of luminous variable stars and optical transients (OTs) have been known for many decades-most famously supernovae (SNe), classical novae (CNe), and luminous blue variables (LBVs).

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The Neon Nova. III. The Infrared Light Curves of Nova QU Vulpeculae (Nova VUL 1984#2)

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

CORONAL LINES AND DUST FORMATION IN SN 2005ip: NOT THE BRIGHTEST, BUT THE HOTTEST TYPE IIn SUPERNOVA

CORONAL LINES AND DUST FORMATION IN SN 2005ip: NOT THE BRIGHTEST, BUT THE HOTTEST TYPE IIn SUPERNOVA

Rapidly evolving Galactic plane outbursts in NEOWISE: Revisiting the Galactic nova rate with the first all-sky search in the mid-infrared

Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Luminous Extragalactic Infrared Transients and Variables from the SPIRITS Survey

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