The Neogene and Quaternary of England: landscape evolution, tectonics, climate change and their expression in the geological record

Lee, Jonathan R.; Candy, Ian; Haslam, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.pgeola.2017.10.003

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 329 publications

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“…2002; Lee et al . 2018). The geometry of the sediment infill within the Stradbroke Trough indicates that syn‐depositional subsidence occurred during the deposition of the Red and Norwich Crag formations (Early Pleistocene) and later during the deposition of the Kesgrave Sands and Gravels ( c .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2000, 2001; Rose 2010; Westaway 2017; Lee et al . 2018). The significance of neotectonic processes throughout much of eastern England is only understood at a general level because much of the evidence has either been removed by glaciation or buried beneath a veneer of glacial sediment.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…2015; Lee et al . 2018 and references therein) and early human occupation (Parfitt et al . 2005, 2010; Ashton et al .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…2005) and denudational isostasy became the dominant mechanism of crustal deformation (Westaway 2017; Lee et al . 2018). Subsequent landscape processes reflect the increased rates of crustal denudation and weathering rates driven by the intensification of glacial–interglacial cyclicity (Rose 2010).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2002; Lee et al . 2018). Evidence for terrestrial conditions include river terrace sequences (Rose 1987, 1994; Whiteman & Rose 1992; Lewis 1993; Bridgland 1994; Rose et al .…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plio‐Pleistocene fault reactivation within the Crag Basin, eastern UK: implications for structural controls of landscape development within an intraplate setting

Lee

Haslam

Woods

et al. 2020

Boreas

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This study examines the long‐term neotectonic evolution of the Crag Basin of eastern England during the Plio‐Pleistocene (c. 4.0–0.48 Ma) and the influence of neotectonics on coastal and drainage development. The Crag Basin was situated within the western margins of the southern North Sea with palaeogeography influenced by changes in global sea‐level and longer‐term regional‐scale neotectonic uplift and subsidence. This study identifies an additional local‐scale neotectonic control on basin development with localized crustal displacement occurring along normal faults. Plio‐Pleistocene movement along these faults was accommodated by partial dip‐slip (normal) reactivation of an Oligocene‐age (Pyrenean) dextral strike‐slip shear zone, which in turn was inherited from much older Caledonian orogenic crustal structure. Fault displacement was driven by sediment‐loading reflecting enhanced landscape denudation under progressively deteriorating climates and increased rates of erosion/sedimentation. Faulting acted to regulate accommodation space, controlling sedimentation patterns and the courses of major preglacial drainage systems including the Kesgrave Thames and Bytham rivers. The lower reaches of both river systems are considered to have been confluent in the Crag Basin during much of the Early Pleistocene with their lower reaches structurally controlled. Divergence occurred at c. 0.9 Ma with the lower reaches of the Bytham utilizing the former Bytham‐Thames valley and the Kesgrave Thames adopting progressively more southern routes, aligned to the axis of subsidence within the London Basin. The study highlights the significance of tectonic inheritance in driving recent neotectonic crustal deformation and its influence on sedimentation patterns and drainage development within an intraplate setting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…2015; Lee et al . 2018 and references therein) and early human occupation (Parfitt et al . 2005, 2010; Ashton et al .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2002; Lee et al . 2018). Evidence for terrestrial conditions include river terrace sequences (Rose 1987, 1994; Whiteman & Rose 1992; Lewis 1993; Bridgland 1994; Rose et al .…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Plio‐Pleistocene fault reactivation within the Crag Basin, eastern UK: implications for structural controls of landscape development within an intraplate setting

Lee

Haslam

Woods

et al. 2020

Boreas

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An Early Pleistocene hippopotamus from Westbury Cave, Somerset, England: support for a previously unrecognized temperate interval in the British Quaternary record

Adams

Candy

Schreve

2021

J Quaternary Science

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Although fossil assemblages from the late Early Pleistocene are very rare in Britain, the site of Westbury Cave in Somerset, England, has the potential to address this gap. The mammal fossils recovered previously from the Siliceous Member in Westbury Cave, though few in number, have hinted at an age for the deposits that is as yet unparalleled in Britain. Here, we describe the first bona fide occurrence of Hippopotamus in the British Early Pleistocene, discovered during recent reinvestigation of the Siliceous Member. The hippo fossil indicates a refined biochronological age of ca. 1.5-1.07 Ma for the Siliceous Member and a palaeoclimate that was warm and humid, which accords well with previous palaeoenvironmental inferences. A synthesis of late Early Pleistocene hippo occurrences suggests that the Siliceous Member hippo may have been part of an early colonization of north-west Europe by these megaherbivores, possibly during MIS (Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage) 31. Alternatively, it evidences a currently cryptic northward migration during an even earlier temperate phase. In either case, the Siliceous Member is likely to represent a warm period that has not been recognized previously in the British Quaternary record.

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New geomorphic evidence for a multi‐stage proglacial lake associated with the former British–Irish Ice Sheet in the Vale of Pickering, Yorkshire, UK

Eddey

Bateman

Livingstone

et al. 2022

J Quaternary Science

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Former proglacial lakes provide insight into the temporal and spatial evolution of past ice sheet dynamics and the glaciohydrological systems associated with them. Glacial Lake Pickering was a proglacial lake in North Yorkshire impounded by the British-Irish Ice Sheet. However, geomorphic evidence for its existence and extent is weak and contested. This paper presents, for the first time, systematic mapping of geomorphic features from high-resolution (50 cm to 5 m) digital terrain model data and undertakes palaeogeographical reconstructions to establish Palaeolake Pickering's extent and levels. Results show only weak evidence for a 70-m lake. This and the fact that the present landscape configuration is unable to impound such a large lake suggests that it either did not exist or is much older and that considerable landscape erosion has since taken place. There is good geomorphological evidence to support lake levels between 45 and 20 m. The new palaeogeographical reconstructions show these lake levels were initially controlled by the balance between the North Sea and the Vale of York Lobes of the British-Irish Ice Sheet with lower and later levels impounded by the Filey moraine. A multi-stage Palaeolake Pickering with various extents and levels possibly spanning more than one glacial period has implications for other British-Irish Ice Sheet palaeolake extents reconstructed only from undifferentiated lacustrine sediments and their maximal elevation. The existence of an extensive multi-phase proglacial Palaeolake Pickering along with other similar ones in Eastern England would have impacted mass loss and frontal dynamics via subaqueous melting and iceberg calving, potentially playing a role in controlling the dynamic behaviour of the North Sea Lobe.

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The Neogene and Quaternary of England: landscape evolution, tectonics, climate change and their expression in the geological record

Cited by 21 publications

References 329 publications

Plio‐Pleistocene fault reactivation within the Crag Basin, eastern UK: implications for structural controls of landscape development within an intraplate setting

Plio‐Pleistocene fault reactivation within the Crag Basin, eastern UK: implications for structural controls of landscape development within an intraplate setting

An Early Pleistocene hippopotamus from Westbury Cave, Somerset, England: support for a previously unrecognized temperate interval in the British Quaternary record

New geomorphic evidence for a multi‐stage proglacial lake associated with the former British–Irish Ice Sheet in the Vale of Pickering, Yorkshire, UK

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