The Nematicidal Effect of Camellia Seed Cake on Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica of Banana

Abstract

Suppression of root-knot nematodes is crucially important for maintaining the worldwide development of the banana industry. Growing concerns about human and environmental safety have led to the withdrawal of commonly used nematicides and soil fumigants, thus motivating the development of alternative nematode management strategies. In this study, Meloidogyne javanica was isolated, and the nematicidal effect of Camellia seed cake on this pest was investigated. The results showed that in dish experiments, Camellia seed cake extracts under low concentration (2 g/L) showed a strong nematicidal effect. After treatment for 72 h, the eggs of M. javanica were gradually dissolved, and the intestine of the juveniles gradually became indistinct. Nematicidal compounds, including saponins identified by HPLC-ESI-MS and 8 types of volatile compounds identified by GC-MS, exhibited effective nematicidal activities, especially 4-methylphenol. The pot experiments demonstrated that the application of Camellia seed cake suppressed M. javanica, and promoted the banana plant growth. This study explored an effective nematicidal agent for application in soil and revealed its potential mechanism of nematode suppression.

Exploring patterns of Camellia seed cake application in relation to plant growth, soil nematodes and microbial biomass

“…Camellia seed cake, an organic and plant-origin substance made from the residue of Camellia oleifera Abel seeds, is able to prevent the damage caused by root-knot nematodes (Yang et al 2015). In that study, alterations of soil nematode density and culturable microbial biomass were found after the application of Camellia seed cake.…”

“…Their production is seriously hampered, however, by many diseases and pests, especially widespread plant-parasitic nematodes (Shen et al 2013;Jaizme-Vega et al 1997), which are crucial to soil health. In particular, the rootknot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., are economically important soil-borne pathogens that infect almost all of the world's major crops (Yang et al 2015). In southern China, many banana growers are suffering from vast economic losses due to this disease.…”

Oil-Cake Amendments: Useful Tools for the Management of Phytonematodes

“…Sundraraju and Kiruthika (2009) that found that combined application of P. lilacinus and neem cake caused significant enhancement in plant growth parameters of banana and subsequently reduced the population of M. incognita. Yang et al (2015) investigated the nematicidal effect of Camellia seed cake on Meloidogyne javanica infesting banana and found that in dish experiments, Camellia seed cake extracts under low concentration (2 g LG 1 ) exhibited a strong nematicidal effect. After treatment for 72 h, the eggs of M. javanica were slowly disintegrated and the intestine of the juveniles gradually became invisible.…”

Control of root‐knot nematodes using Waltheria indica producing 4‐quinolone alkaloids

“…To date, hundreds of plant species have been evaluated for their potential uses in various phytochemical‐based nematicides. Camellia seed cake extracts exhibited strong nematocidal activity against M. javanica , producing 4‐methylphenol and promoting banana plant growth . trans ‐2‐Hexenal, a plant volatile compound, exhibited strong nematocidal activity against M. incognita and B. xylophilus in vitro and in infected plants .…”