“…Thus, hyporheic exchange plays an important role in the thermal pattern of the HZs (Norman & Cardenas, ) and the distribution and transformation of nutrients (Tonina et al, ; Zarnetske et al, , ). A number of prior studies have demonstrated that HZs are important sites for biogeochemical reactions (Bardini et al, ; Hill et al, ; Kessler et al, ; Wondzell & Swanson, ; Zarnetske et al, , ), regulating downstream nitrogen export in aquatic environments (Alexander et al, ; Alexander et al, ; Gomez et al, ; Kiel & Cardenas, ; Marzadri et al, , ; Peterson et al, ).…”