The Neglect and Fast Spread of Some Arboviruses: A Note for Healthcare Providers in Nigeria

Kolawole, Olatunji Matthew; Seriki, Adebimpe Adetola; Irekeola, Ahmad Adebayo; Ogah, Jeremiah

doi:10.3390/diseases6040099

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Otu et al [ 30 ] in a 2017 study reported 6% (24/420) seropositivity for DENV among febrile patients with or without malaria attending health facilities in Cross River State (approximately 724 km southeast of Ibadan), Nigeria. Differences in prevalence by geographic locations and/or sampling year/period could be attributed to variations in climatic conditions, rapid urbanization, expansion of vectors into new regions, and human migration [ 22 ]. Our adjusted estimates of DENV risk factors showed significant associations only for presence of the malaria parasite and previous history of animal exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nigeria is endemic for many arboviruses, including DENV, CHIKV, WNV, yellow fever virus (YFV), and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV); however, many outbreaks go undocumented, and the true burden of endemicity remains undetermined due to lack of systematic studies, limited data, insufficient diagnostic capabilities, and misdiagnosis as malaria [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 21 , 22 ]. The goal of the present study is to further the understanding of the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with flavivirus and alphavirus infections among individuals from three major population centers in Nigeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Retrospective Study of the Seroprevalence of Dengue Virus and Chikungunya Virus Exposures in Nigeria, 2010–2018

et al. 2022

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Arboviruses are important public health threats in many regions of the world. Nigeria has experienced outbreaks of arboviruses over the past decades, leading to concerns of widespread endemicity, which are frequently misdiagnosed. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of dengue virus (DENV) (a flavivirus) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) (an alphavirus) infections in three major population centers of Nigeria. A convenience sample of 701 sera was collected from both healthy and febrile participants between August 2010 and March 2018. Sera were tested for prior exposure to CHIKV virus and DENV using indirect IgG ELISA. Results showed that 54.1% (379/701) of participants were seropositive for anti-DENV antibodies, 41.3% (290/701) were seropositive for anti-CHIKV antibodies, and 20.1% (141/701) had previous exposure to both. The seropositivity for prior CHIKV exposure and prior exposure to DENV and CHIKV was significantly associated with age (CHIKV: OR = 2.7 (95% CI: 1.7–4.3); DENV and CHIKV: OR = 2.2 (95% CI: 1.2–4.0) for adults compared to participants under 18 years old). Overall, the high seropositivity across all age groups suggests that arboviral infections are prevalent in Nigeria and indicates that surveillance and further epidemiological studies are required to determine the true burden of these infections and the spectrum of diseases associated with these exposures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Study of the Seroprevalence of Dengue Virus and Chikungunya Virus Exposures in Nigeria, 2010–2018

et al. 2022

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“…It is quite clear that increasing the country-wide knowledge regarding dengue fever and its prevention could serve beneficial in reducing the future burden of this disease. It has been suggested that more-educated individuals may be more cautious and protective with regard to their immediate environment and health [11,34,35]. It can then be inferred that less-educated persons may be less aware of the importance of disposing or emptying containers that can be used as Aedes breeding sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aegypti in urban areas and facilitates transmission [9,10]. The absence of door and window screens and failure to use repellents has also been shown to facilitate infection [11,12]. This is particularly important, as the weather conditions in Ethiopia's Somali region results in the commonly observed practice of early morning and daytime sleeping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Another dengue fever outbreak in Eastern Ethiopia—An emerging public health threat

Gutu¹,

Bekele

Seid

et al. 2021

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background Dengue Fever (DF) is a viral disease primarily transmitted by Aedes (Ae.) aegypti mosquitoes. Outbreaks in Eastern Ethiopia were reported during 2014–2016. In May 2017, we investigated the first suspected DF outbreak from Kabridahar Town, Somali region (Eastern Ethiopia) to describe its magnitude, assess risk factors, and implement control measures. Methods Suspected DF cases were defined as acute febrile illness plus ≥2 symptoms (headache, fever, retro-orbital pain, myalgia, arthralgia, rash, or hemorrhage) in Kabridahar District residents. All reported cases were identified through medical record review and active searches. Severe dengue was defined as DF with severe organ impairment, severe hemorrhage, or severe plasma leakage. We conducted a neighborhood-matched case-control study using a subset of suspected cases and conveniently-selected asymptomatic community controls and interviewed participants to collect demographic and risk factor data. We tested sera by RT-PCR to detect dengue virus (DENV) and identify serotypes. Entomologists conducted mosquito surveys at community households to identify species and estimate larval density using the house index (HI), container index (CI) and Breteau index (BI), with BI≥20 indicating high density. Results We identified 101 total cases from May 12–31, 2017, including five with severe dengue (one death). The attack rate (AR) was 17/10,000. Of 21 tested samples, 15 (72%) were DENV serotype 2 (DENV 2). In the case-control study with 50 cases and 100 controls, a lack of formal education (AOR [Adjusted Odds Ratio] = 4.2, 95% CI [Confidence Interval] 1.6–11.2) and open water containers near the home (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.2–7.5) were risk factors, while long-lasting insecticide treated-net (LLITN) usage (AOR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.05–0.79) was protective. HI and BI were 66/136 (49%) and 147 per 100 homes (147%) respectively, with 151/167 (90%) adult mosquitoes identified as Ae. aegypti. Conclusion The epidemiologic, entomologic, and laboratory investigation confirmed a DF outbreak. Mosquito indices were far above safe thresholds, indicating inadequate vector control. We recommended improved vector surveillance and control programs, including best practices in preserving water and disposal of open containers to reduce Aedes mosquito density.

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“…Arboviruses are a group of viruses transmitted by vectors. The main current arboviral diseases circulating are dengue, zika, and chikungunya (CHIK) [1]. They have spread worldwide, especially in Latin America, where the high number of cases affected negatively the population [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternate sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) reduce chronic pain in women affected by chikungunya. A randomized clinical trial

Souza

Pegado

Costa³

et al. 2021

Brain Stimulation

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Context: Thousands of people worldwide have been infected by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and the persistence of joint pain symptoms has been considered the main problem. Neuromodulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) act on brain areas involved in the processing of chronic pain. It was previously demonstrated that tDCS for five consecutive days significantly reduced pain in the chronic phase of chikungunya (CHIK). Objective: To analyze the effect of alternate tDCS sessions on pain and functional capacity in individuals affected by CHIK. Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 58 women in the chronic phase of CHIK were divided into two groups: active-tDCS (M1-S0, 2 mA, 20 min) and sham-tDCS. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) were used to assess pain, while the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) assessed functional capacity. These scales were used before and after six sessions of tDCS in nonconsecutive days on the primary motor cortex, and at follow-up consultation 7 and 15 days after the last session. A repeated measures mixed-model ANOVA was used for comparison between groups (significant p-values < 0.05). Results: A significant pain reduction (Z [3, 171] ¼ 14.303; p < 0.0001) was observed in the tDCS group compared to the sham group; no significant difference in functional capacity was observed (Z [1.57] ¼ 2.797; p ¼ 0.1). Conclusion:Our results suggest that six nonconsecutive sessions of active tDCS on M1 reduce pain in chronic CHIKV arthralgia.

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The Neglect and Fast Spread of Some Arboviruses: A Note for Healthcare Providers in Nigeria

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

A Retrospective Study of the Seroprevalence of Dengue Virus and Chikungunya Virus Exposures in Nigeria, 2010–2018

A Retrospective Study of the Seroprevalence of Dengue Virus and Chikungunya Virus Exposures in Nigeria, 2010–2018

Another dengue fever outbreak in Eastern Ethiopia—An emerging public health threat

Alternate sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) reduce chronic pain in women affected by chikungunya. A randomized clinical trial

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