The negative association between plasma ghrelin and IGF-I is modified by obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

Pöykkö, Seppo; Ukkola, Olavi; Kauma, Heikki; Kellokoski, Eija; Hörkkö, Sohvi; Kesäniemi, Y. Antero

doi:10.1007/s00125-004-1635-9

Cited by 40 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…This finding is supported by previous studies. 21 , 29 It has shown that as the number of components of MetS increased, a progressive elevation in plasma acylated ghrelin and a decrease in plasma desacyl ghrelin were observed. 30 Desacyl ghrelin is the major circulating form and acts as an antagonist of acylated ghrelin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of ghrelin with cardiometabolic risk factors in Iranian adolescents: the CASPIAN-III study

Heshmat¹,

Shafiee²,

Qorbani³

et al. 2016

J Cardiovasc Thorac Res

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Introduction: Current evidence suggests that ghrelin could contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults, but limited experience exists in adolescents. This study aims to explore the association of ghrelin levels with the MetS components among Iranian adolescents. Methods: In this case-control study, 32 adolescents with MetS and 148 healthy controls were selected randomly from the childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non communicable disease (CASPIAN-III) study. MetS was defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria modified for children and adolescents. Anthropometric measures (including body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC] and waist to height ratio [WHtR]), blood pressure (BP) and biochemical data (including fasting blood sugar [FBS], triglyceride [TG], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], total cholesterol [TC] and gerlin) were measured. Results: Total ghrelin level was significantly higher in students without MetS compared to those with MetS (748.89 ± 85.04 vs. 728.72 ± 90.36 [pg/mL]; P < 0.001). Significant negative correlations were seen between ghrelin levels and BMI, WC, WHtR, TG, and TC. Ghrelin had also relatively strong inverse correlations with FBS (r = −0.59, P< 0.001), LDL-C (r = −0.56, P < 0.001), and positive correlation with HDL-C (r = 0.60, P < 0.001). Compared with the children with MetS, in those without MetS, ghrelin was significantly associated with HDL-C and LDL-C. A decreasing trend was observed in the mean ghrelin level across increasing number of MetS components (P for trend <0.001). Conclusion: We observed a relationship between ghrelin concentration and MetS components in adolescents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of ghrelin with cardiometabolic risk factors in Iranian adolescents: the CASPIAN-III study

Heshmat¹,

Shafiee²,

Qorbani³

et al. 2016

J Cardiovasc Thorac Res

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“…Since a direct effect of maternal ghrelin on cord blood IGF-I is unlikely, we speculate that maternal ghrelin signaled decreased levels of nutrients available for placental transfer, which were associated with decreased cord blood IGF-I and IGFBP3. This could be compared to the inverse relationship between circulating ghrelin and IGF-I described in studies in children and adults [39,40,41]. Interestingly, ghrelin administration in pregnant rats has been shown to cause an increase in birth weight of their newborns by an unknown mechanism [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and Cord Blood Ghrelin in the Pregnancies of Smoking Mothers: Possible Markers of Nutrient Availability for the Fetus

Bouhours‐Nouet

Casson²,

Rouleau³

et al. 2006

Horm Res Paediatr

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Aims: To investigate the role of ghrelin in maternal and fetal metabolism, we determined its value in maternal smoking, a specific cause of reduced placenta function and fetal growth. Methods: In 85 normal term pregnancies, 42 in smoking and 43 in non-smoking mothers, we measured ghrelin in the maternal blood at the onset of labor and in the cord blood of their 85 singletons immediately after birth. We determined the relationships between ghrelin and placental GH (PGH), pituitary GH (pitGH), and IGF-I. Results: The newborns of smoking mothers weighed 0.24 kg less (p < 0.05) than those of non-smoking mothers. Cord blood ghrelin was 71% higher and PGH and cord blood IGF-I were 34% and 32% lower, respectively, in the pregnancies of smoking compared with non-smoking mothers (p < 0.05). Cord blood ghrelin was unrelated to pitGH and cord blood IGF-I. Maternal ghrelin was unchanged in smoking mothers, increased with maternal fasting duration (r = 0.26, p < 0.05), showed no correlation with PGH and negative correlation with cord blood IGF-I (r = –0.42, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The decrease in placental function and fetal growth in smoking mothers is associated with an increase in cord blood ghrelin, and no change in maternal ghrelin. Maternal ghrelin concentration increases with fasting, and is negatively correlated with cord blood IGF-I: it may signal a reduction in the level of nutrients available for placental transfer. No correlation supports a role for ghrelin in PGH or pitGH secretion.

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“…The orexigenic actions of ghrelin require the activation of hypothalamic sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) / p53, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, which ultimately increase NPY and AgRP expression in the arcuate nucleus [ 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Despite its orexigenic effect, obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome are related to a paradoxical decrease in circulating ghrelin levels [ 7 , 51 , 52 ]. However, these pathologies are associated with a dramatic reduction of plasma desacyl ghrelin concentrations, the most abundant form of the hormone, while plasma levels of acylated ghrelin remain unchanged or increased [ 19 , 53 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Leptin and Ghrelin In The Regulation Of Body Weimentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Molecular Aspects of Ghrelin and Leptin in the Control of Adipobiology and the Cardiovascular System

Rodríguez

2014

Obes Facts

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Ghrelin and leptin show opposite effects on energy balance. Ghrelin constitutes a gut hormone that is secreted to the bloodstream in two major forms, acylated and desacyl ghrelin. The isoforms of ghrelin not only promote adiposity by the activation of hypothalamic orexigenic neurons but also directly stimulate the expression of several fat storage-related proteins in adipocytes, including ACC, FAS, LPL and perilipin, thereby stimulating intracytoplasmic lipid accumulation. Moreover, both acylated and desacyl ghrelin reduce TNF-α-induced apoptosis and autophagy in adipocytes, suggesting an anti-inflammatory role of ghrelin in human adipose tissue. On the other hand, leptin is an adipokine with lipolytic effects. In this sense, leptin modulates via PI3K/Akt/mTOR the expression of aquaglyceroporins such as AQP3 and AQP7 that facilitate glycerol efflux from adipocytes in response to the lipolytic stimuli via its translocation from the cytosolic fraction (AQP3) or lipid droplets (AQP7) to the plasma membrane. Ghrelin and leptin also participate in the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. Ghrelin operates as a cardioprotective factor with increased circulating acylated ghrelin concentrations in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) causally related to LV remodeling during the progression to LVH. Additionally, leptin induces vasodilation by inducible NO synthase expression (iNOS) in the vascular wall. In this sense, leptin inhibits the angiotensin II-induced Ca²⁺ increase, contraction and proliferation of VSMC through NO-dependent mechanisms. Together, dysregulation of circulating ghrelin isoforms and leptin resistance associated to obesity, type 2 diabetes, or the metabolic syndrome contribute to cardiometabolic derangements observed in these pathologies.

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The negative association between plasma ghrelin and IGF-I is modified by obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

Cited by 40 publications

References 61 publications

Association of ghrelin with cardiometabolic risk factors in Iranian adolescents: the CASPIAN-III study

Association of ghrelin with cardiometabolic risk factors in Iranian adolescents: the CASPIAN-III study

Maternal and Cord Blood Ghrelin in the Pregnancies of Smoking Mothers: Possible Markers of Nutrient Availability for the Fetus

Novel Molecular Aspects of Ghrelin and Leptin in the Control of Adipobiology and the Cardiovascular System

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