The Need to Accurately Define and Measure the Properties of Particles

Deng, Yimin; Dewil, Raf; Appels, Lise; Zhang, Huili; Li, Shuo; Baeyens, Jan

doi:10.3390/standards1010004

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Wider particle-size distribution by compression mixtures induced a denser packing of the particles. In a wide particle-size distribution, different particle rearrangements can be expected, in which smaller particles fill the gaps between larger particles, resulting in denser material [ 45 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing and Assessing the New Orally Disintegrating Tablets, Containing Nimodipine-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Nimodipine-methyl-β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes

et al. 2022

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The aim of the present study was to manufacture new orally disintegrating tablets containing nimodipine–hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and nimodipine–methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. For obtaining a better quality of the manufactured tablets, three methods of the preparation of inclusion complexes, in a 1:1 molar ratio, were used comparatively; namely, a solid-state kneading method and two liquid state coprecipitation and lyophilization techniques. The physical and chemical properties of the obtained inclusion complexes, as well as their physical mixtures, were investigated using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analyses, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed that the lyophilization method can be successfully used for a better complexation. Finally, the formulation and precompression studies for tablets for oral dispersion, containing Nim–HP-β-CD and Nim–Me-β-CD inclusion complexes, were successfully assessed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing and Assessing the New Orally Disintegrating Tablets, Containing Nimodipine-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Nimodipine-methyl-β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes

et al. 2022

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“…When dealing with powders, a fundamental knowledge of their physical parameters is indispensable, with different methods and approaches proposed in the literature. The results obtained differ widely, and it is important to define the standards to be applied, both towards the methods of investigation and the interpretation of experimental results [21]. First, describing the size of a particle is not as straightforward as one might suspect.…”

Section: Precursor Materials and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Splitting by MnOx/Na2CO3 Reversible Redox Reactions

Liu

Dewil

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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Thermal water splitting by redox reactants could contribute to a hydrogen-based energy economy. The authors previously assessed and classified these thermo-chemical water splitting redox reactions. The Mn3O4/MnO/NaMnO2 multi-step redox cycles were demonstrated to have high potential. The present research experimentally investigated the MnOx/Na2CO3 redox water splitting system both in an electric furnace and in a concentrated solar furnace at 775 and 825 °C, respectively, using 10 to 250 g of redox reactants. The characteristics of all reactants were determined by particle size distribution, porosity, XRD and SEM. With milled particle and grain sizes below 1 µm, the reactants offer a large surface area for the heterogeneous gas/solid reaction. Up to 10 complete cycles (oxidation/reduction) were assessed in the electric furnace. After 10 cycles, an equilibrium yield appeared to be reached. The milled Mn3O4/Na2CO3 cycle showed an efficiency of 78% at 825 °C. After 10 redox cycles, the efficiency was still close to 60%. At 775 °C, the milled MnO/Na2CO3 cycles showed an 80% conversion during cycle 1, which decreased to 77% after cycle 10. Other reactant compounds achieved a significantly lower conversion yield. In the solar furnace, the highest conversion (>95%) was obtained with the Mn3O4/Na2CO3 system at 775 °C. A final assessment of the process economics revealed that at least 30 to 40 cycles would be needed to produce H2 at the price of 4 €/kg H2. To meet competitive prices below 2 €/kg H2, over 80 cycles should be achieved. The experimental and economic results stress the importance of improving the reverse cycles of the redox system.

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“…Figure 2 and Table 2 show the PSD and sphericity values of the as-atomized powder, as obtained from DIA. The definition of powder characteristics and comparison between different measurement techniques are discussed elsewhere [26][27][28]. Optomec's guideline for LENS ® DED is that the powder particles should be spherical (for good flowability) and with a size of −100/+325 mesh, equivalent to a powder diameter of 44 to 150 μm.…”

Section: Characterization Of the As-atomized Za-8 Powdermentioning

confidence: 99%

Sol–Gel Encapsulation of ZnAl Alloy Powder with Alumina Shell

Svetlizky

Eliaz

2021

Coatings

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Additive manufacturing (AM), for example, directed energy deposition (DED), may allow the processing of self-healing metal–matrix composites (SHMMCs). The sealing of cracks in these SHMMCs would be achieved via the melting of micro-encapsulated low melting point particulates (LMPPs), incorporated into the material during AM, by heat treatment of the part during service. Zn-Al alloys are good candidates to serve as LMPPs, for example, when the matrix of the MMC is made of an aluminum alloy. However, such powders should first be encapsulated by a thermal and diffusion barrier. Here, we propose a sol–gel process for encapsulation of a custom-made ZA-8 (Zn92Al8, wt.%) core powder in a ceramic alumina (Al2O3) shell. We first modify the surface of the ZA-8 powder with (12-phosphonododecyl)phosphonic acid (Di-PA) hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer (SAM) in order to prevent extensive hydrogen evolution and formation of non-uniform and porous oxide/hydroxide surface layers during the sol–gel process. Calcination for 1 h at 500 °C is found to be insufficient for complete boehmite-to-γ(Al2O3) phase transformation. Thermal stability tests in an air-atmosphere furnace at 600 °C for 1 h result in melting, distortion, and sintering into a brittle sponge (aggregate) of the as-atomized powder. In contrast, the core/shell powder is not sintered and preserves its spherical morphology, with no apparent “leaks” of the ZA-8 core alloy out of the ceramic encapsulation.

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The Need to Accurately Define and Measure the Properties of Particles

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Manufacturing and Assessing the New Orally Disintegrating Tablets, Containing Nimodipine-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Nimodipine-methyl-β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes

Manufacturing and Assessing the New Orally Disintegrating Tablets, Containing Nimodipine-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Nimodipine-methyl-β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes

Water Splitting by MnOx/Na2CO3 Reversible Redox Reactions

Sol–Gel Encapsulation of ZnAl Alloy Powder with Alumina Shell

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