The Need for Marine Spatial Planning in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

Altvater, S.; Fletcher, Ruth; Passarello, Cristian

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-98696-8_17

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Human activities and climate change have been shown to significantly impact the deep sea (Glover and Smith, 2003;Ramirez-Llodra et al, 2011), and human influence has been recorded in even the deepest part of the ocean, the Mariana Trench (Chiba et al, 2018). With human activity continuing to expand into large, poorly known areas of the deep sea, the global community must manage extractive activities sustainably and minimize damage to deep-sea ecosystems, particularly in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) regulated by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) (Ardron et al, 2008;Altvater et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some nations have specific MSP requirements in their national laws or policies (e.g., the EU: Official Journal of the European Union, 2014; and South Africa: Republic of South Africa, 2017; Republic of South Africa, 2019), MSP is not mentioned explicitly in any international legislation pertaining to ABNJ (Ardron et al, 2008;Maes, 2008;De Santo, 2018). This has been highlighted as an integral component to be included in negotiations on a new, international, legally binding instrument on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in ABNJ (United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 2018; Wright et al, 2018;Altvater et al, 2019). In the meantime, there are several mechanisms through which area-based management tools (ABMTs) can be implemented in ABNJ, i.e., spatial closures with "regulation of one or more or all human activities, for one or more purposes" (Molenaar, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Habitat Classification to Assess Representativity of a Protected Area Network in a Large, Data-Poor Area Targeted for Deep-Sea Mining

et al. 2020

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Extractive activities in the ocean are expanding into the vast, poorly studied deep sea, with the consequence that environmental management decisions must be made for data-poor seafloor regions. Habitat classification can support marine spatial planning and inform decision-making processes in such areas. We present a regional, top–down, broad-scale, seafloor-habitat classification for the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ), an area targeted for future polymetallic nodule mining in abyssal waters in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Our classification uses non-hierarchical, k-medoids clustering to combine environmental correlates of faunal distributions in the region. The classification uses topographic variables, particulate organic carbon flux to the seafloor, and is the first to use nodule abundance as a habitat variable. Twenty-four habitat classes are identified, with large expanses of abyssal plain and smaller classes with varying topography, food supply, and substrata. We then assess habitat representativity of the current network of protected areas (called Areas of Particular Environmental Interest) in the CCZ. Several habitat classes with high nodule abundance are common in mining exploration claims, but currently receive little to no protection in APEIs. There are several large unmanaged areas containing high nodule abundance on the periphery of the CCZ, as well as smaller unmanaged areas within the central CCZ, that could be considered for protection from mining to improve habitat representativity and safeguard regional biodiversity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Habitat Classification to Assess Representativity of a Protected Area Network in a Large, Data-Poor Area Targeted for Deep-Sea Mining

et al. 2020

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“…Academic output deals with the economic benefits of MPAs when spillover effects for fisheries spurring selfinterested implementation , as well as the commercial and ecological benefits of MGRs-the "ocean genome" Blasiak et al, 2020). Apart from incentives, monitoring and control are identified as crucial for compliance Altvater et al, 2019). To deal with non-compliance, the literature discusses the possibility of a compliance committee (Drankier et al, 2012;Durussel et al, 2017;Gjerde et al, 2019).…”

Section: Institutional Arrangementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Voice of Science on Marine Biodiversity Negotiations: A Systematic Literature Review

Wysocki

Vadrot

2020

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Over one hundred governments are currently negotiating a new legally binding instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). The new agreement is to address four broad themes: marine genetic resources (MGRs); area-based management tools (ABMTs), including marine protected areas (MPAs); environmental impact assessments (EIAs); and capacity building and the transfer of marine technology (CB&TT). Although a large corpus of scientific BBNJ literature exists, a comprehensive overview and critical analysis of the academic debate is currently missing. This systematic review seeks to fill this gap by examining the main priority topics and recommendations in a sample of 140 multidisciplinary, geographically diverse publications. As an up-to-date summary and analysis, it is intended for researchers from diverse academic disciplines in the natural and social sciences, policy-makers, and practitioners. It untangles the complex BBNJ negotiations, highlights the policy relevance of existing work, and facilitates links between science, policy, and practice. It presents recommendations made in the literature sample for each of the four package elements of the future treaty and identifies four overarching themes: ocean connectivity, institutional design, the role of science, and digital technology. This paper identifies two important gaps that need to be addressed if we are to conserve marine biodiversity in international waters: the science-policy interfaces and the need for transformative change.

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“…Being a maritime spatial planner, I observe territoriality even of the High Seas. This is not because of greedy coastal states, but rather reflects the acceleration of those spatial conflicts that the general rules of UNCLOS do not prevent (Altvater at al. 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Book Review. The Poverty of Territorialism. A Neo-Medieval View of Europe and European Planning

Zaucha

2018

Eur. XXI

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The Need for Marine Spatial Planning in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Using Habitat Classification to Assess Representativity of a Protected Area Network in a Large, Data-Poor Area Targeted for Deep-Sea Mining

Using Habitat Classification to Assess Representativity of a Protected Area Network in a Large, Data-Poor Area Targeted for Deep-Sea Mining

The Voice of Science on Marine Biodiversity Negotiations: A Systematic Literature Review

Book Review. The Poverty of Territorialism. A Neo-Medieval View of Europe and European Planning

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