The nature of visual self-recognition

Suddendorf, Thomas; Butler, David L.

doi:10.1016/j.tics.2013.01.004

Cited by 114 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Consistent with this, a recent meta-analysis of brain imaging data has indicated a set of common brain regions that are sensitive to the self/other distinction across tasks as divergent as face recognition and trait judgments (including cortical midline structures and the insula [48][49][50][51]), while other brain regions show task-specific responses that are enhanced to the self (e.g., in occipital regions in face-recognition tasks). The cortical midline structures have also been shown to be more strongly activated by self-related stimuli than by stimuli related to other people in tasks ranging from visual self-recognition [54][55][56][57], autobiographical memory [10,58], and self-evaluation [59]. We suggest that this reflects the activation of a core self-representation.…”

Section: Theoretical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Two areas have been shown to be reliably more active when self-related stimuli are presented compared with when participants see stimuli associated with other people: the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the left posterior superior temporal sulcus (LpSTS) (Figure 4). Across many studies the vmPFC has been implicated in self-representation and is activated when participants refer stimuli to themselves relative to other people [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]. The LpSTS can be considered part of a ventral attention system concerned with orienting attention to the environment [60].…”

Section: Self-reference Enhances the Coupling Between Brain Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Integrative Self: How Self-Reference Integrates Perception and Memory

Sui

Humphreys

2015

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

382

364

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We propose a new account of how self-reference affects information processing. We report evidence that self-reference affects the binding of memory to source, the integration of parts into perceptual wholes, and the ability to switch from a prior association to new associations. Self-reference also influences the integration of different stages of processing, linking attention to decision making, and affects the coupling between brain regions mediating self-representation and attention to the environment. Taken together, the data suggest that self-reference acts as a form of 'integrative glue' which can either enhance or disrupt performance, depending on the task context. We discuss the implications for understanding the self, and future directions for research.

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Section: Theoretical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Self-reference Enhances the Coupling Between Brain Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Integrative Self: How Self-Reference Integrates Perception and Memory

Sui

Humphreys

2015

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

382

364

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These authors assessed self-face recognition in monkeys by means of the mirror-mark test (Gallop, 1970). Usually, monkeys fail to pass the test, indicating a potential lack of self-awareness (at least as tested by this procedure; see Suddendorf andButler, 2013 andRochat andZahavi, 2011 or discussions). However, Chang and colleagues observed that monkeys passed the test after exposure to multisensory bodily stimulation, which consisted in projecting a laser light of mildly irritating facial tactile stimulation, the monkey could observe through a mirror.…”

Section: Receptive Field Properties Of Bimodal and Multimodal Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral, Neural, and Computational Principles of Bodily Self-Consciousness

Blanke

Slater

Serino

2015

Neuron

576

510

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Recent work in human cognitive neuroscience has linked self-consciousness to the processing of multisensory bodily signals (bodily self-consciousness [BSC]) in fronto-parietal cortex and more posterior temporo-parietal regions. We highlight the behavioral, neurophysiological, neuroimaging, and computational laws that subtend BSC in humans and non-human primates. We propose that BSC includes body-centered perception (hand, face, and trunk), based on the integration of proprioceptive, vestibular, and visual bodily inputs, and involves spatio-temporal mechanisms integrating multisensory bodily stimuli within peripersonal space (PPS). We develop four major constraints of BSC (proprioception, body-related visual information, PPS, and embodiment) and argue that the fronto-parietal and temporo-parietal processing of trunk-centered multisensory signals in PPS is of particular relevance for theoretical models and simulations of BSC and eventually of self-consciousness.

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“…Developmental, neurophysiological and neuropsychological studies showed that mirrored reflections are not equivalent to pictures and live videos [9]. Children show signs of self-recognition in photos much sooner than they are able to pass the mark test with mirrors [10].…”

Section: Mirrors In Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Archetypal-Imaging and Mirror-Gazing

Caputo

2013

Behavioral Sciences

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Mirrors have been studied by cognitive psychology in order to understand self-recognition, self-identity, and self-consciousness. Moreover, the relevance of mirrors in spirituality, magic and arts may also suggest that mirrors can be symbols of unconscious contents. Carl G. Jung investigated mirrors in relation to the unconscious, particularly in Psychology and Alchemy. However, the relationship between the conscious behavior in front of a mirror and the unconscious meaning of mirrors has not been clarified. Recently, empirical research found that gazing at one’s own face in the mirror for a few minutes, at a low illumination level, produces the perception of bodily dysmorphic illusions of strange-faces. Healthy observers usually describe huge distortions of their own faces, monstrous beings, prototypical faces, faces of relatives and deceased, and faces of animals. In the psychiatric population, some schizophrenics show a dramatic increase of strange-face illusions. They can also describe the perception of multiple-others that fill the mirror surface surrounding their strange-face. Schizophrenics are usually convinced that strange-face illusions are truly real and identify themselves with strange-face illusions, diversely from healthy individuals who never identify with them. On the contrary, most patients with major depression do not perceive strange-face illusions, or they perceive very faint changes of their immobile faces in the mirror, like death statues. Strange-face illusions may be the psychodynamic projection of the subject’s unconscious archetypal contents into the mirror image. Therefore, strange-face illusions might provide both an ecological setting and an experimental technique for “imaging of the unconscious”. Future researches have been proposed.

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The nature of visual self-recognition

Cited by 114 publications

References 77 publications

The Integrative Self: How Self-Reference Integrates Perception and Memory

The Integrative Self: How Self-Reference Integrates Perception and Memory

Behavioral, Neural, and Computational Principles of Bodily Self-Consciousness

Archetypal-Imaging and Mirror-Gazing

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