The nature of the Moon's surface: evidence from shock metamorphism in Apollo 11 and 12 samples

Short, Nicholas M.

doi:10.1016/0019-1035(70)90088-6

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…However, shock-produced glasses and glassy breccias constitute 70-80 percent of the fragments studied. The generally high shock level of material in the regolith on Mare Fecunditatis is consistent with continuous meteorite impact (6) and suggests that the reworking and overturning of the surface fragmental layer indicated for the Apollo sites (1,5,11) is also occurring on Mare Fecunditatis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Such impacts have, as potential target materials, not only the unaltered source rocks, but also the entire range of shocked rocks and microbreccias produced by earlier impacts. As a result, multiple impacts tend to increase the observed shock level of the soil (6). Multiple impacts also tend to homogenize the regolith by mixing together discrete fragments of originally different chemistry and texture, thus forming composite fragments containing clasts of light microbreccia in dark microbreccia (Figures 9, 12) or cores of light microbreccia surrounded by dark (basaltic?)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The apparently higher level of shock in the feldspathic rocks is consistent with transport by meteorite impact from source regions outside the Luna-16 landing site. These feldspathic rocks may be highland material (e.g., 6,20,21,24), because the Luna-16 landing site, located near the eastern margin of Mare Fecunditatis (13) might be expected to receive significant amounts of material transported from the nearby highlands. Another possible source of non-mare material would be produced by deeply excavated ejecta from the postmare crater Langrenus about 300 km SE of the landing site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, a subdivision based on recognizable textural differences seems preferable at the present time, particularly since there is considerable discussion about the origin of certain textures. Most of the glassy-vesicular fragments are probably the result of ballistic accretion of glass and rock fragments ejected from meteorite impact craters, but the fragmental-matrix and welded/ sintered types may be produced by shock lithification (6) or by postdepositional welding of hot ejecta (18).…”

Section: Composition Of the Lunar Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shock metamorphic effects in the Luna 16 soil sample from Mare Fecunditatis

French¹

1972

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Composition Of the Lunar Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shock metamorphic effects in the Luna 16 soil sample from Mare Fecunditatis

French¹

1972

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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“…In an early paper (Short and Forman 1972), he applied cratering models to demonstrate that the visible lunar surface was composed not of solid bedrock, but of layers of impact breccias several kilometers thick. He applied his observations of ''instant rock'' (particulate target rocks lithified by impact processes) (Short 1966b) to the origins of lunar samples (Short 1970b). He served as a principal investigator for the Apollo 11 lunar samples, and he was one of a few scientists to identify in his samples the white anorthosite fragments and to conclude (Short 1970c) that they represented fragments of an original, once-molten lunar crust.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nicholas M. Short (July 18, 1927–June 12, 2011)

French¹

2011

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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Nicholas Martin Short, a geologist who helped establish the fields of shock metamorphism and terrestrial meteorite impact crater studies, and who later made contributions to lunar sample investigations and the use of remote sensing in terrestrial geology, died on June 12, 2011, in Mitchellville, Maryland, after a long battle with cancer.Nick's scientific career, as well as his personality, was characterized by imagination, independence, enthusiasm, persistence, intense and articulate communication, a real love of teaching, a wide range of scientific and nonscientific interests, and a marvelous sense of humor. He filled many roles in his lifetime: as a productive and multidisciplinary scientist, a dedicated and effective educator, an entertaining and valued colleague, a happy and loving husband and father, and an unintentional focus for random improbable and whimsical events. He will be missed by his family, friends, colleagues, and acquaintances.Nick was born in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1927. He received a B.S. in Geology from St. Louis University ( l951), an M.S. in Geology from Washington University (St. Louis) (1954), and a Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1958). With his brand-new Ph.D. in sedimentation and geochemistry, he made the first of several major career shifts: instead of continuing in traditional geochemistry, he joined the AEC's Lawrence Livermore Laboratory's Plowshare Program, which was investigating the peaceful uses of atomic energy, and he became the only geoscientist in a large group of nuclear engineers and solid-state physicists who were busy making large explosions in the Nevada desert.''In the presence of physicists and engineers,'' Nick wrote in a recent memoir (Short 2004), ''I learned fast about the phenomenology of nuclear explosions.'' He had to. He had been dropped into a world far removed from traditional geology; the chief process here was the near-instantaneous release of immense amounts of energy at a point source, followed quickly by the alteration of the surrounding target rocks by extreme physical conditions: intense high-pressure transient shock waves, high temperatures, and rapid deformation of both the target rocks and the individual minerals in them.Nick quickly observed that, although the Plowshare Program was producing numerous chemical and nuclear

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Shock Metamorphism

Xie

Osinski

2022

Encyclopedia of Lunar Science

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The nature of the Moon's surface: evidence from shock metamorphism in Apollo 11 and 12 samples

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Shock metamorphic effects in the Luna 16 soil sample from Mare Fecunditatis

Shock metamorphic effects in the Luna 16 soil sample from Mare Fecunditatis

Nicholas M. Short (July 18, 1927–June 12, 2011)

Shock Metamorphism

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