The nature of the late positive complex within the olfactory event‐related potential (OERP)

Pause, Bettina M.; Sojka, Bernfried; Krauel, Kerstin; Ferstl, Roman

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1996.tb01062.x

Cited by 118 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The present results provide one of the first demonstrations that the processing ofchemosensory information can be analyzed using a speeded RT methodology popularized by Posner (e.g., Posner, 1978) to study the effects of attention on information processing in other modalities. All previous studies of the effects of attention on chemosensory information processing have utilized either unspeeded behavioral responses (e.g., Laing & Glenmarec, 1992) or chemosensory event-related potentials (e.g., Krauel et aI., 1998;Pause, Sojka, & Ferstl, 1997;Pause, Sojka, Krauel, & Ferstl, 1996).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective attention to the chemosensory modality

Spence

Ketenmann

Kobal

et al. 2000

Perception & Psychophysics

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Previous studies have shown that behavioral responses to auditory, visual, and tactile stimuli are modulated by expectancies regarding the likely modality of an upcoming stimulus (see Spence & Driver, 1997).In the present study, we investigated whether people can also selectively attend to the chemosensory modality (involving responses to olfactory, chemical, and painful stimuli). Participants made speeded spatial discrimination responses (left vs. right) to an unpredictable sequence of odor and tactile targets. Odor stimuli were presented to either the left or the right nostril, embedded in a birhinally applied constant airstream. Tactile stimuli were presented to the left or the right hand. On each trial, a symbolic visual cue predicted the likely modality for the upcoming target (the cue was a valid predictor of the target modality on the majority of trials ). Response latencies were faster when targets were presented in the expected modality than when they were presented in the unexpected modality, showing for the first time that behavioral responses to chemosensory stimuli can be modulated by selective attention.Can people selectively direct their attention to a particular sensory modality, and, if so, what are the consequences for the perception of stimuli presented in that modality? This question, which has long been of interest

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective attention to the chemosensory modality

Spence

Ketenmann

Kobal

et al. 2000

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…Thus, when odours were presented in a more typical, familiar way (retronasal chocolate, orthonasal lavender) response amplitudes were smaller compared to the less atypical. This novelty was reflected in the larger amplitudes of the late ERP positivity, 8,11,37 providing an objective measure for the context-dependent processing of odourous stimuli in terms of both site of stimulation and connotations of the odour. Functionally different areas can be distinguished within the nasal mucosa with regard to stimulation site and stimulus properties.…”

Section: Experiments 6: Contextual Effects On Ortho-and Retronasal Permentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual differences between chemical stimuli presented through the ortho- or retronasal route

Hummel¹,

Heilmann²,

Landis

et al. 2005

Flavour Fragr. J.

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Orthonasal or retronasal presentation of certain odours in everyday life, such as cheese or fish, evokes different responses. To study this phenomenon, stimulation techniques were developed to allow ortho-or retronasal presentation of chemosensory stimuli. Based on this technique, several studies were performed to investigate: (a) the subjects' ratings of stimulus intensity, hedonic characteristics of the stimuli, and stimulus quality; (b) the peripherally obtained electro-olfactogram; (c) EEG-derived olfactory event-related potentials; and (d) cerebral activation using functional magnetic resonance imaging; additional experiments investigated (e) the differential sensitivity of the nasal mucosa to trigeminal stimuli; and finally (f) clinical observations were obtained from patients with nasal polyposis with regard to ortho-or retronasal presentation of chemosensory stimuli. Summarizing these results, the studies indicate that there are perceptual differences in relation to ortho-and retronasal stimulus presentation. They appear to relate to: (i) contextual effects; (ii) subtle differences in nasal airflow, therefore access of stimuli to the olfactory epithelium may play a role in perceptual differences; in addition (iii) differential trigeminal sensitivities of the respiratory epithelium, possibly in combination with (iv) differential wiring of olfactory receptor neurons, may contribute to the observed differences in the perception of stimuli presented through the ortho-or retronasal routes.

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“…Within the averaged potential, four peaks (N1, P2, P3-1, P3-2) were detected in relation to the averaged baseline (Pause et al 1996). However, only those peaks which represented early exogenous or late endogenous stimulus processing were considered for further analysis.…”

Section: (D) Eeg Recording and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Latency and amplitude of the CSERP components can provide information as to whether differences between HLArelated chemosignals are already reflected in early, exogenous components (N1, w400 ms post-stimulus) or only influence late, endogenous components (P3, w1000 ms post-stimulus; see Pause & Krauel 2000). Exogenous potentials such as the early negative deflection (N1) reflect mainly pre-attentive processing of external stimulus characteristics (quality, intensity; Pause et al 1996Pause et al , 1997. Endogenous potentials such as the late positive deflection (P3) occur in response to rare (unexpected) stimuli and increase in amplitude with the subjective meaning of a stimulus, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The human brain is a detector of chemosensorily transmitted HLA-class I-similarity in same- and opposite-sex relations

et al. 2005

Self Cite

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Studies on subjective body odour ratings suggest that humans exhibit preferences for human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-dissimilar persons. However, with regard to the extreme polymorphism of the HLA gene loci, the behavioural impact of the proposed HLA-related attracting signals seems to be minimal. Furthermore, the role of HLA-related chemosignals in same-and opposite-sex relations in humans has not been specified so far. Here, we investigate subjective preferences and brain evoked responses to body odours in males and females as a function of HLA similarity between odour donor and smeller. We show that pre-attentive processing of body odours of HLA-similar donors is faster and that late evaluative processing of these chemosignals activates more neuronal resources than the processing of body odours of HLA-dissimilar donors. In same-sex smelling conditions, HLA-associated brain responses show a different local distribution in male (frontal) and female subjects (parietal). The electrophysiological results are supported by significant correlations between the odour ratings and the amplitudes of the brain potentials. We conclude that odours of HLA-similar persons function as important social warning signals in inter-and intrasexual human relations. Such HLA-related chemosignals may contribute to female and male mate choice as well as to male competitive behaviour.

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The nature of the late positive complex within the olfactory event‐related potential (OERP)

Cited by 118 publications

References 39 publications

Selective attention to the chemosensory modality

Selective attention to the chemosensory modality

Perceptual differences between chemical stimuli presented through the ortho- or retronasal route

The human brain is a detector of chemosensorily transmitted HLA-class I-similarity in same- and opposite-sex relations

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