The Nature of the Gastrointestinal Lesion in Asiatic Cholera and Its Relation to Pathogenesis: A Biopsy Study

Gangarosa, Eugene J.; Beisel, William R.; Benyajati, C.; Sprinz, Helmuth; Piyaratn, Prapont

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1960.9.125

Cited by 180 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…(b) The production of diarrheal fluid is apparently due to net secretion in the small bowel at the site of bacterial colonization (9). However, mucosal architecture remains intact and there is no tissue penetration by vibrios (28) or coliforms (9). (c) Filterable, toxic material can be obtained from in vitro cultivation of the microorganism.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute undifferentiated human diarrhea in the tropics

Gorbach¹,

Banwell²,

Chatterjee³

et al. 1971

J. Clin. Invest.

200

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute undifferentiated human diarrhea in the tropics

Gorbach¹,

Banwell²,

Chatterjee³

et al. 1971

J. Clin. Invest.

200

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“…A year later, in a report on small-bowel biopsies taken from both acutely ill and convalescent cholera patients, the intestinal epithelium was demonstrated to remain intact, seemingly uninjured by the cholera organism and its toxins (11). These two reports set the stage for the investigation of cholera as an active-transport disease, or, more specifically, for exploration of the possibility that cholera toxin (CT) behaves like a luminally active hormone, stimulating the intestinal epithelium to actively secrete electrolytes and water.…”

Section: Secretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal ion transport and the pathophysiology of diarrhea

2003

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Worldwide, diarrhea claims several million lives annually, mostly those of infants. Poverty, crowding, and contaminated water supplies all contribute. Almost all of these deaths could have been prevented with adequate fluid replacement. Although its incidence is much lower in the more affluent nations, diarrhea remains one of the two most common reasons for visits to pediatric emergency departments and is also common among the institutionalized elderly. Chronic diarrheas, while less common, often present diagnostic dilemmas and can be difficult to manage. This article will begin by reviewing the relevant physiology; then, with that as context, it will consider pathophysiology, both general aspects and specific diarrheal syndromes. Finally, rationales for management will be briefly considered. The review is amply referenced with some of the references listed at the end of the article and some at the JCI website

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“…However, several reports provide evidence for an inflammatory response in cholera disease. Lymphocytes and mononuclear cells have been observed in the intestinal lamina propria in biopsy specimens from cholera patients [3,4], and increased levels of lactoferrin and prostaglandins have been detected in stool samples from infected humans [5,6]. In addition, the presence of congested blood vessels, the infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the lamina propria of cholera patients at the acute stage and elevated levels of nonspecific mediators (LTB4 and myeloperoxidase) of the innate defense system obtained in the stool samples of the acute disease state indicate an inflammatory response [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin‐8 gene regulation in epithelial cells by Vibrio cholerae: role of multiple promoter elements, adherence and motility of bacteria and host MAPKs

et al. 2012

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Interleukin (IL)-8 is an important mediator in neutrophil-mediated acute inflammation. We previously demonstrated that incubation of intestinal epithelial cells with Vibrio cholerae O395 resulted in increased IL-8 mRNA expression and IL-8 secretion, which was associated with the adherence and motility of bacteria. However, the mechanisms responsible for transcriptional regulation of the IL-8 gene in epithelial cells during V. cholerae infections were not explored. Transient transfection analysis of 5¢ deletions and mutations of the IL-8 promoter driving expression of the luciferase reporter gene indicates that multiple binding sites contribute to IL-8 promoter induction in response to V. cholerae and that cooperation among these different sites is required for full activation of the promoter. Stimulation with V. cholerae O395 insertional mutants, defective in adherence and motility, significantly reduced IL-8 promoter activity compared with the wild-type strain. We further demonstrate maximal involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 ⁄ 2 ⁄ mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways to regulate IL-8 gene transcription. This study will help to design agents which could reduce the V. cholerae-induced inflammatory response and in the generation of safe vaccines.

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The Nature of the Gastrointestinal Lesion in Asiatic Cholera and Its Relation to Pathogenesis: A Biopsy Study

Cited by 180 publications

References 0 publications

Acute undifferentiated human diarrhea in the tropics

Acute undifferentiated human diarrhea in the tropics

Intestinal ion transport and the pathophysiology of diarrhea

Interleukin‐8 gene regulation in epithelial cells by Vibrio cholerae: role of multiple promoter elements, adherence and motility of bacteria and host MAPKs

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