The nature of the cardiac myxoma

Suvarna, S K; Royds, JA

doi:10.1016/s0167-5273(96)02827-6

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Ki67 protein was not present in any cell type in the remaining 6 cases. In agreement with the previous report, 21 no p53-specific staining was seen here in any case of atrial myxoma. Expression of the p53 tumor gene is enhanced during development of many human tumors.…”

Section: Expression Of Calretinin Ki67 and P53 In Atrial Myxomasupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Neither was detected in myxoma cells in the present study, denying a role of malignancy in the genesis of atrial myxoma. These data, combined with the presence of HSV-1 antigens and DNA, angiogenesis, and an inflammatory response, support the concept that atrial myxoma results from a benign, reactive process 21 and may be a chronic inflammatory lesion of endocardium. Mitosis and Ki67 expression are absent in multinucleate myxoma cells, suggesting that these cells may be formed by cell fusion rather than cell proliferation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

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Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection Associated with Atrial Myxoma

Pan

et al. 2003

The American Journal of Pathology

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Some findings suggest an infectious factor in cardiac myxoma and certain histopathological features indicate herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. We hypothesized that HSV-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac myxoma. Paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 17 patients with atrial myxoma were investigated for HSV-1 antigen by immunohistochemistry and viral genomic DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction. The histogenesis and oncogenesis of atrial myxoma were assessed by the expression of calretinin, Ki67, and p53 protein, respectively. Autopsy myocardial samples, including endocardium from 12 patients who died by accident or other conditions, were used for comparison. HSV-1 antigen was detected in atrial myxoma from 12 of 17 patients: 8 of these 12 samples were positive also for HSV-1 DNA. No HSV-1 antigen or DNA was found in tissue from the comparison group. Antigens of HSV-2, varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus were not found in atrial myxoma. Calretinin was found in myxoma cells of all 17 cases but Ki67 was present only in smooth muscle cells or infiltrating cells in some cases. p53 was not detectable in any myxoma. Most infiltrating cells were cytotoxic T lymphocytes. These data suggest that HSV-1 infection is associated with some cases of sporadic atrial myxoma and that these may result from a chronic inflammatory lesion of endocardium. Although benign, atrial myxoma is the most common primary cardiac tumor, with an incidence of about one per million population per year and a recurrence rate of 2% to 3%.

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Section: Expression Of Calretinin Ki67 and P53 In Atrial Myxomasupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection Associated with Atrial Myxoma

Pan

et al. 2003

The American Journal of Pathology

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“… Abbreviations : ACTA2, actin, alpha2, smooth muscle [33,91]; ACTC1, actin, alpha, cardiac muscle1 [30]; C3, Compliment component 3 [27]; CCR2, chemokine receptor 2 [92]; CD34 and CD44(Indian blood group) [93,94]; CEACAM, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 [32,95]; CXCL1, chemokine ligand1 [25]; EDN1 and EDN3, endothelin1 and 3 [26]; ENG, endoglin [27]; FVIII/vWF, factor VIII related antigen/ von Willebrand factor [30,33]; FGF2, fibroblast growth factor2 [96]; FGFR1, fibroblast growth factor receptor1 [96]; FLT1/VEGFR1, fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor) [30,97]; FMOD, fibromodulin [27]; FN1, fibronectin [27]; GATA4, GATA binding protein 4 [28]; HAND1, heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 1 [28]; IL6 and IL8, interleukin 6 & 8 [98]; ITGB4, integrin beta4 [27]; KRT19, keratin19 [63]; MCP1, Monocyte chemoattractant protein1 [92]; MIA, melanocyte inhibitory activity [27]; MIB1, mindbomb homolog1 [99]; MMP, matrix metallopeptidase [100]; MUC5AC, mucin5AC [101]; MYH10, myosin, heavy chain10 [102]; NFATC1, nuclear factor of activated T cells [30]; NKX2-5, transcription factor related locus 5 [28]; NOTCH1, Notch homolog1 [30]; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen [96,103]; PDGF-AA, alpha platelet derived growth factor alpha [97]; PECAM1, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule [33,103]; PKP2, plakophilin 2 [104]; PLA2G2A: phospholipaseA2 [26]; RB1, retinoblastoma1 [105]; SMAD6, family member 6 [30]; SOX9, (sex determining region)-box9 [27,30]; SPP1, secreted phosphoprotein1 [27]; TNC, tenascin C [94]; TIMP2...…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Basis of Cardiac Myxomas

Singhal

Luk

Rao

et al. 2014

IJMS

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Cardiac tumors are rare, and of these, primary cardiac tumors are even rarer. Metastatic cardiac tumors are about 100 times more common than the primary tumors. About 90% of primary cardiac tumors are benign, and of these the most common are cardiac myxomas. Approximately 12% of primary cardiac tumors are completely asymptomatic while others present with one or more signs and symptoms of the classical triad of hemodynamic changes due to intracardiac obstruction, embolism and nonspecific constitutional symptoms. Echocardiography is highly sensitive and specific in detecting cardiac tumors. Other helpful investigations are chest X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography scan. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for primary cardiac tumors and is usually associated with a good prognosis. This review article will focus on the general features of benign cardiac tumors with an emphasis on cardiac myxomas and their molecular basis.

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“…Kodama et al detected cardiomyogenic specific expression of transcription factors in myxoma arguing for a neoplasm arising from mesenchymal cells [3]. However, heterologous components such as cartilage are recurrently reported in myxoma and argue for a reactive change/thrombosis or hamartoma [4]. In this case as a further explanation it has to be discussed that a small primary myxoma was added by secondary finally leading to the large atrial mass.…”

mentioning

confidence: 80%