The Nature of Cities

Harris, Chauncy D.; Ullman, Edward L.

doi:10.1177/000271624524200103

Cited by 881 publications

(312 citation statements)

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“…However, quantitative comparison reveals obvious differences among the metric signatures, in amplitude, duration, location and extent. Discrepancies appear between ''real world'' and theoretical patterns, among the investigated urban areas, and for the multiple concentric extents as they do with respect to most urban theories (von Thü nen 1826, Burgess 1925, Hoyt 1939, Harris and Ullman 1945, Alonso 1964). These differences were anticipated in light of the fact that urban growth is not constant over time and among the different regions, and the spatial configuration of these areas is not uniform.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Interest in abstracting urban change across cities and scales has a long tradition in the field of Geography (Burgess 1925, Hoyt 1939, Harris and Ullman 1945. Although the concepts and ideas used to model urban systems have been widely recognized, they have for the most part remained hypothetical and only marginally representative of the spatial and temporal complexity of urban change (Batty 2002, Franck andWegener 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatio‐temporal dynamics in California's Central Valley: Empirical links to urban theory

Dietzel

Herold

Hemphill

et al. 2005

International Journal of Geographical Information Science

260

158

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This paper explores an addition to theory in urban geography pertaining to spatio-temporal dynamics. Remotely sensed data on the historical extent of urban areas were used in a spatial metrics analysis of geographical form of towns and cities in the Central Valley of California (USA). Regularities in the spatiotemporal pattern of urban growth were detected and characterized over a hundred year period. To test hypotheses about variation over geographical scale, multiple spatial extents were used in examining a set of spatial metric values including an index of contagion, the mean nearest neighbor distance, urban patch density and edge density. Through changes in these values a general temporal oscillation between phases of diffusion and coalescence in urban growth was revealed. Analysis of historical datasets revealed preliminary evidence supporting an addition to the theory of urban growth dynamics, one alluded to in some previous research, but not well developed. The empirical results and findings provide a lead for future research into the dynamics of urban growth and further development of existing urban theory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio‐temporal dynamics in California's Central Valley: Empirical links to urban theory

Dietzel

Herold

Hemphill

et al. 2005

International Journal of Geographical Information Science

260

158

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“…Human ecologists analysed the city as a separate entity and were less concerned with the city as a re¯ection and manifestation of the wider society (Bassett and Short, 1980). The city developed through a competition for space to produce concentric zones (Burgess, 1925(Burgess, /1974, speci® c sectors (Hoyt, 1939) or multiple nuclei (Harris and Ullman, 1945), housing households with different resources and other characteristics. Processes of invasion and succession involved a chain reaction, with each preceding immigrant wave moving outwards and being succeeded by more recent, poorer immigrants (Park et al, 1925(Park et al, /1974.…”

Section: Traditional' Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic Segregation in Cities: New Forms and Explanations in a Dynamic World

1998

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Summary. As an introduction to this special issue on ethnic segregation in cities, we offer the readers an overview of the explanatory factors of ethnic segregation and spatial concentration in modern welfare states. After a discussion of the disadvantages and advantages of segregation and concentration, which can be seen as the impetus behind the widespread interest in this topic, we will brie¯y review som e`traditional' theories. That review will be followed by a closer look at behavioural theories and explanations in which constraints are central. The next section will elaborate on restructuring processes, giving special attention to economic change and its effects on cities, groups and spatial arrangements. W e will conclude this introduction with a few remarks on the future of ethnic segregation and concentration and outline some possible directions for future research in this ® eld.

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“…In his pioneering work of 1925 Burgess [17] defines the monocentric city by its dominant centrally located business district (CBD) and a series of zones in concentric circles around it. In 1945, Harris and Ullman [18] contribute to this concept by introducing the "multi nuclei" model in which cities are still characterised by a single major CBD, but smaller centres (nuclei) develop in peripheral areas. Although the studies focused on the monocentric city model prevailed until the 1970s [19], the phenomenon of polycentricity originated in the late nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century-with the work of Ebenezer Howard on garden cities (1898, 1902) and Christaller's central place theory (1933).…”

Section: Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenges of Implementing Sustainable Development: The Case of Sofia’s Master Plan

Slaev

Nedović‐Budić

2016

Sustainability

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Abstract:In this paper, we explore how master planning promotes and implements particular urban development patterns and, more generally, contributes to sustainability. Our goal is to understand the link between urban growth intentions articulated through the master planning process and realisation of its specific forms, e.g., monocentric or polycentric, compact or dispersed. As a case study, we examine the current General Urban Development Plan (GUDP) of the Bulgarian capital Sofia against the city's actual development pattern. We observe that the primary goals of the GUDP are to promote a polycentric urban structure and low-density expansion, as well as preserve green edges. While the question of whether and how these goals reflect the sustainability ideal requires further consideration, there are some indications that Sofia's GUDP may not be effective in encouraging sustainable forms of growth. Substantial inconsistencies exist between the plan's overall goals and some of its measures and implementation tools. The results on the ground suggest that, despite the plan's low-density aspirations, Sofia is becoming more compact and densified, while losing its green edges and failing to redirect growth to its northern territories where ample space and opportunities exist. We conclude that employing the achievements of research on sustainability and developing relevant implementation tools such as more effective zoning regulations and viable suburban transportation infrastructure are necessary for realising both the patterns proposed through master planning and achieving sustainable urban growth.Keywords: efficiency of planning; sustainable forms of urban growth; polycentric urban development; suburbanisation in Southeastern Europe; instruments of urban planning

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The Nature of Cities

Cited by 881 publications

References 0 publications

Spatio‐temporal dynamics in California's Central Valley: Empirical links to urban theory

Spatio‐temporal dynamics in California's Central Valley: Empirical links to urban theory

Ethnic Segregation in Cities: New Forms and Explanations in a Dynamic World

The Challenges of Implementing Sustainable Development: The Case of Sofia’s Master Plan

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