The Nature of Caregiver Supervision of Young Children in Public Pools

Petrass, Lauren A.; Blitvich, Jennifer D.

doi:10.25035/ijare.06.01.04

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The compilation of 1) the causes reported by lifeguards, and 2) the swimming capabilities of rescued bathers, designated as "non-swimmers" were the main victims of supervision deficiencies according to reports by parents, animators, or teachers (n = 96). A related finding that corroborated these findings had been reported by Petrass and Blitvich (2012).…”

Section: Aquatic Rescues and The Potentiality For Drowning Accidentssupporting

confidence: 87%

Learning from Incidents to Reduce the Risk of Drowning in Swimming Pools: Implementation of Experience-Based Feedback Regarding Near-Misses in Four Public Facilities in France

Vignac¹,

Lebihain²

2019

IJARE

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The prevention of sports accidents must rely on a detailed knowledge of accident circumstances and risk factors. Today, very few studies have investigated in depth non-fatal drowning incidents that have occurred in public swimming pools (PSP). Learning from incidents seems likely to advance the knowledge of accident scenarios. This research study aimed to capture minor incidents that might identify safety lessons and preventive measures. Incidents of minor and major aquatic events were collected from four PSPs that had hosted 700,000 bathers per year. About 800 incidents and 300 aquatic rescues performed by lifeguards were recorded within a time frame of two and one-half years. The analysis of results offered insights both in terms of managing risk and preventing drownings. Drowning risk management could directly benefit from the results of this study. Methodological recommendations also provided suggestions to ensure the proper collection of non-fatal drowning incidents in PSPs.

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Section: Aquatic Rescues and The Potentiality For Drowning Accidentssupporting

confidence: 87%

Learning from Incidents to Reduce the Risk of Drowning in Swimming Pools: Implementation of Experience-Based Feedback Regarding Near-Misses in Four Public Facilities in France

Vignac¹,

Lebihain²

2019

IJARE

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“…3 Studies have highlighted a range of factors contributing to inadequate supervision of children at public swimming pools, including the following: incorrect caregiver assumptions about a child's swimming ability being sufficient to prevent drowning 10 ; younger caregivers paying closer attention to their child compared to older caregivers; being responsible for more than one child; allowing an older sibling to supervise; and a busy pool environment. 11,12 In addition, while no published studies have specifically focused on the association between caregivers' mobile phone use and their supervision behaviours at public swimming pools, a review of Australian coronial data from 2002 to 2017 found that electronic devices, including phones, were a cause of distraction leading to lapses in child supervision in cases of child drownings across a range of settings. 13 There is also growing evidence that caregivers' use of mobile phones in other settings such as playgrounds 14,15 and beaches 16 can impact their ability to continuously provide active supervision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 However, evaluation of this program has not been consistently undertaken, and assessment of actual parental supervision behaviours has not previously been included in evaluation strategies. 16 This study aimed to contribute to the evidence base about current caregiver supervision patterns and behaviours at public swimming pools, 11,12,19 while also exploring caregiver's awareness and knowledge of WAW supervision requirements at WA public swimming pools. This research was guided by the conceptual framework of caregiver supervision developed by Saluja et al 20 This framework has been used in several studies to define and measure caregivers' supervision behaviours at home, the beach and public swimming pools.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This research was guided by the conceptual framework of caregiver supervision developed by Saluja et al 20 This framework has been used in several studies to define and measure caregivers' supervision behaviours at home, the beach and public swimming pools. 10,11,[19][20][21][22] The framework encompasses the following three dimensions of caregiver supervision: attention, proximity and continuity. 20 In a public swimming pool environment, active supervision refers to 'caregivers being prepared, close, attentive and staying with your child always.'…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mobile phone use and social interactions among caregivers can reduce their ability to provide constant supervision to children at Australian public swimming pools

Wickens

Wallace

Dare

et al. 2020

Health Prom J of Aust

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Issue addressed: Caregivers have a crucial role to play in keeping children safe at public swimming pool facilities, with the most common factor contributing to childhood drowning being a lapse in adult supervision. Methods:A mixed methods approach was used to collect observations (n = 301) and interviews (n = 10) with caregivers of children aged 0-10 years at two public swimming pool facilities located in the Perth metropolitan area, Western Australia (WA).Results: Of the 449 children observed, children aged 6-10 years were significantly less likely to be provided with ideal supervision (26%) compared to younger children aged 0-5 years (62%). Of the caregivers who were using their mobile phone while supervising children (n = 100, 22% of children observed), none provided ideal supervision. Overall supervision levels among caregivers differed with gender, with only 44% (n = 74) of female caregivers providing ideal supervision, compared to 72%(n = 96) of male caregivers. The 10 interviews revealed several themes, including the following: caregivers' perceptions of their supervision responsibilities; barriers to supervision; and awareness and perceptions of a communications campaign designed by the Royal Life Saving WA Branch, known as Watch Around Water (WAW). Conclusion:Caregiver supervision at public swimming pools remains an important issue, particularly the use of mobile phones and its deleterious impact on supervision. The WAW program plays an integral role in educating caregivers of supervision responsibilities. Furthermore, this study adds to the limited evaluation of the WAW program, and thus will help guide future improvements to ensure caregiver supervision is consistent.

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“…A recent study comparing supervision in pools and playgrounds found that a significantly greater number of children were unsupervised in pools than in playground settings (Petrass & Blitvich, 2012). The reason for this pattern is unclear, especially because risk of child drowning remains a serious threat even in public swimming areas that are patrolled.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Contributing Factors to Child Drownings in Public Pools in Australia: a Review of National Coronial Records

Petrass¹,

Blitvich²

2016

IJARE

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This study examined the incidence and circumstances associated with child drowning in public pools in Australia; and identified the frequency and nature of coroners' recommendations. Retrospective case-series analysis of child (aged 0-10 years) unintentional drowning deaths in public pools were conducted based on Coronial data. A total of 12 child drownings were identified. A lack of supervision was recognized as the key contributing factor in 92% of cases, with the caregiver responsible for multiple children (83%); older children supervising younger children (17%); and a busy pool environment (25%) consistently linked with in-adequate supervision. To address drownings in public pools it is essential that coroner recommendations reach 1) aquatic centres so they can improve their practices; and 2) aquatic stakeholders so that strategies can be developed. Strategies that highlight techniques to assist caregivers responsible for multiple children and how best to provide supervision in a busy pool environment should be a focus.

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The Nature of Caregiver Supervision of Young Children in Public Pools

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Learning from Incidents to Reduce the Risk of Drowning in Swimming Pools: Implementation of Experience-Based Feedback Regarding Near-Misses in Four Public Facilities in France

Learning from Incidents to Reduce the Risk of Drowning in Swimming Pools: Implementation of Experience-Based Feedback Regarding Near-Misses in Four Public Facilities in France

Mobile phone use and social interactions among caregivers can reduce their ability to provide constant supervision to children at Australian public swimming pools

Understanding Contributing Factors to Child Drownings in Public Pools in Australia: a Review of National Coronial Records

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