The nature of attacks by wild boar (Sus scrofa) and wild boar/domestic pig hybrids (´javaporcos´) and the conduct of anti-rabies care in Brazil

Abstract

Introduction: In Brazil, the wild boar is an exotic invasive species that has been reported as a disease reservoir in several parts of the world. The result of crossing a boar with a domestic pig is called, in Brazil, a ´´javaporco´´. In Brazilian territory, boars and javaporco have been recorded serving as food sources for blood-feeding bats (Desmodus rotundus), and the impacts of such interactions on human health are still unknown. Objetive: Characterize attacks by wild boar and javaporco on human, and anti-rabies treatment that follows such accidents. Methods: Reports and epidemiological investigation records of human rabies treatment from 2007 to 2017 stored in the National System of Notifiable Diseases database were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Results: 309 attacks - 271 (87%) by wild boar and 38 (12.3%) by javaporco were reported - an increase in the number of reports in the most recent years of the evaluated time series. Attacks occurred in all regions of the country, in 17 Federated Units and in 252 municipalities. Men were most commonly attacked sex (283 - 91.58%), with the most commonly attacked age group being 35 to 49 years (86 - 27.83%), and occupations being wire fence constructor (31 - 10.03%), retired or pensioner (15 - 4.85 %) and student (13 - 4.20%). Single lesions (197 - 63.75%), deep (248 - 80.25%), produced by bite (292 - 94.49%), in the lower limbs (159 - 51.45) were the most recorded. Most of the individuals attacked had no history of anti-rabies treatment (249 - 80.58%), and the treatment indicated was serum plus vaccine (162 - 52.42%). Conclusion: Given the rising profile of the attacks and the geographical expansion of the wild boar's range in Brazil, with the consequent risk of attacks this study has shown, the health authorities should be alert to episodes of aggression, which should be monitored and, after incidents the medical care guidelines of the National Rabies Control Program should be followed.

Relatório temático sobre espécies exóticas invasoras, biodiversidade e serviços ecossistêmicos

“…Na Estação Ecológica de Maracá-Jipióca (Amapá), o pisoteio constante e pastejo excessivo por búfalos asselvajados (Bubalus bubalis) promoveu a compactação do solo e mudanças na vegetação herbáceo-arbustiva (Monteiro 2009, prancha 2). Em restingas no Rio Grande do Sul, danos severos na vegetação foram registrados pela escavação e pastejo por porcos ferais, javalis e javaporcos (Quintela et al 2010, Hegel & Marini 2013, que também podem atacar humanos (Oliveira et al 2018) e causar prejuízos em áreas cultivadas .…”

“…O possível estabelecimento dessa espécie levanta preocupações à avifauna local, já que espécies do gênero Corvus são predadores importantes de colônias de aves aquáticas(Silva & Olmos 2007, Adelino et al 2017.A intensificação do tráfego aéreo também tem permitido a introdução não intencional de novas espécies. Em 2017,Oliveira et al (2018) registraram o lagarto Anolis sagrei na vegetação dentro dos limites do Aeroporto Internacional Antônio Carlos Jobim (Galeão), Rio de Janeiro. Nativo de Cuba, Bahamas e Ilhas Cayman, este lagarto já é considerado invasor em diversos países das Américas e na Ásia…”

Análise do poder de penetração de diferentes projéteis de armas de fogo na região anatômica do arco costal de javalis endêmicos do noroeste do estado de São Paulo

“…Além dos prejuízos ambientais, ataques de javalis contra seres humanos são relatados em todos os países onde este animal é endêmico incluindo Japão, Índia, Espanha e Brasil, por exemplo. Atualmente se pode constatar a ocorrência desses suínos em quase todo o país, especialmente nos estados com maior potencial agrícola como o Sul, sudeste e centro-oeste (De Oliveira, 2018;Rosa, 2018;AGROLINK, 2022).…”

Invasive Amphibians and Reptiles Living in Brazil

“…In addition to environmental damage, biological invasions generate a range of socioeconomic impacts (Aukema et al, 2011; Gong et al, 2014; Bacher et al, 2018). They may act as agricultural plagues (Colunga-Garcia et al, 2010; Fleming et al, 2017), urban pests (Ju and Li, 2010; Williams et al, 2018), and reservoirs and vectors of pathogens harmful to production animals (Pimentel et al, 2005; Golnar et al, 2019) and to human health (Lafuente et al, 2013; Oliveira et al, 2018; Kmetiuk et al, 2019), thus making them a public health problem as well.…”