The nature and origin of the cortical morphogenetic field in Limnaea

Raven, Chr. P.

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(63)90112-x

Cited by 27 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Most of the information comes from molluscs, where are well documented studies exist, for example on scaphopods (Dentalium, Reverberi 1970), gastropods (Lymnaea, Raven 1963) and bivalves (Pholas and Spisula, Guerrier 1970;and Dreissena, Luetjens and Dorresteijn 1998).…”

Section: Origin Of Spatial Organizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the gastropod Lymnaea, (Raven 1963) observed six special subcortical patches around the periphery of the egg immediately after oviposition, apparently corresponding to the six follicle cells which typically surround the developing oocyte. These follicle cells were not evenly distributed around the periphery, but formed an asymmetrical pattern.…”

Section: Origin Of Spatial Organizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Some aspects of spiralian development

Nielsen

2009

Acta Zoologica

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Nielsen, C. 2010. Some aspects of spiralian development. -Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 91: 20-28 Spiralian development is not only a characteristic early cleavage pattern, with shifting orientations of the cleavage planes, but also highly conserved cell lineages, where the origin of several organs can be traced back to identifiable cells in the lineage. These patterns are well documented in annelids, molluscs, nemertines, and platyhelminths and are considered ancestral of a bilaterian clade including these phyla. Spiral cleavage has not been documented in ecdysozoans, and no trace of the spiral development pattern is seen in phoronids and brachiopods. Origin of the spatial organization in spiralian embryos is puzzling, but much of the information appears to be encoded in the developing oocyte. Fertilization and ''pseudofertilization'' apparently provides the information defining the secondary, anterior-posterior body axis in many species. The central nervous system consists of three components: an apical organ, derived from the apical blastomeres 1a 111 -1d 111 , which degenerates before or at metamorphosis; the cerebral ganglia derived from other blastomeres of the first micromere quartet and retained in the adult as a preoral part of the brain; and the originally circumblastoporal nerve cord, which has become differentiated into a perioral part of the brain, the paired or secondarily fused ventral nerve cords, and a small perianal nerve ring.

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Section: Origin Of Spatial Organizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Origin Of Spatial Organizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Some aspects of spiralian development

Nielsen

2009

Acta Zoologica

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“…Subcortical Accumulations and Ectosomes. In the eggs of Lymnaea stagnalis and Lymnaea peregra, subcortical patches of cytoplasm that stain distinctly with azan and other stains appear after ovulation during the passage of the egg through the genital duct (Raven, 1963;Ubbels et al, 1969). These patches are arranged in the equatorial zone of the egg in a characteristic pattern that strikingly resembles the arrangement of the follicle cells that previously surrounded the oocyte in the ovary.…”

Section: Morphogenetic Plasmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell lineage in molluscan development

Dohmen

1992

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Cell lineage specification in molluscs is brought about by two mechanism: the segregation of morphogenetic plasms and inductive cell interactions. The evidence for the existence of morphogenetic plasms is largely circumstantial, but in one species, Bithynia, such a plasm has been identified in the polar lobe that forms at first cleavage. Inductive cell interactions are thought to be a prerequisite for the development of a large number of tissues and organs. The most extensively studied example is the specification of the mesodermal stem cell in Lymnaea and Patella, which occurs between 5th and 6th cleavage through an interaction between one macromere and a large number of micromeres. Both segregation and induction are tuned to the animal-vegetal polarity of the egg, at least during early development. This polarity probably arises during oogenesis and is manifest in regional differentiations of the surface architecture of the egg, in the distribution of inner membrane particles in the plasma membrane, in membrane fluidity characteristics, in ionic conductance properties of the plasma membrane, etc. All these phenomena have in common that they represent properties of the egg surface, suggesting that the polarity of the egg is somehow imprinted into the plasma membrane and the cortex of the egg during oogenesis.

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“…One mollusc that is much used by disciplines such as neurobiology 9 , ecotoxicology 10 and more recently evolutionary biology 11,12 , is Lymnaea stagnalis, primarily because of its widespread distribution and extreme ease of maintenance. Despite its popularity as a 'model' organism and its long history of use by developmental biologists [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] , the range and power of molecular tools available to the L. stagnalis scientific community lies far behind that of more traditional animal models (Drosophila, mouse, sea urchin, nematodes).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Whole Mount <em>In Situ</em> Hybridization Method for the Gastropod Mollusc <em>Lymnaea stagnalis</em>

Herlitze

Hohagen

2016

JoVE

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Whole mount in situ hybridization (WMISH) is a technique that allows for the spatial resolution of nucleic acid molecules (often mRNAs) within a 'whole mount' tissue preparation, or developmental stage (such as an embryo or larva) of interest. WMISH is extremely powerful because it can significantly contribute to the functional characterization of complex metazoan genomes, a challenge that is becoming more of a bottleneck with the deluge of next generation sequence data. Despite the conceptual simplicity of the technique much time is often needed to optimize the various parameters inherent to WMISH experiments for novel model systems; subtle differences in the cellular and biochemical properties between tissue types and developmental stages mean that a single WMISH method may not be appropriate for all situations. We have developed a set of WMISH methods for the re-emerging gastropod model Lymnaea stagnalis that generate consistent and clear WMISH signals for a range of genes, and across all developmental stages. These methods include the assignment of larvae of unknown chronological age to an ontogenetic window, the efficient removal of embryos and larvae from their egg capsules, the application of an appropriate Proteinase-K treatment for each ontogenetic window, and hybridization, post-hybridization and immunodetection steps. These methods provide a foundation from which the resulting signal for a given RNA transcript can be further refined with probe specific adjustments (primarily probe concentration and hybridization temperature).

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The nature and origin of the cortical morphogenetic field in Limnaea

Cited by 27 publications

References 4 publications

Some aspects of spiralian development

Some aspects of spiralian development

Cell lineage in molluscan development

A Whole Mount <em>In Situ</em> Hybridization Method for the Gastropod Mollusc <em>Lymnaea stagnalis</em>

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