The nature and nurture of ADHD and its comorbidities: A narrative review on twin studies

Tistarelli, Naomi; Fagnani, Corrado; Troianiello, Miriam; Stazi, Maria Antonietta; Adriani, Walter

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.017

Cited by 76 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 102 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Potential mechanisms remain unclear (Levy et al, 2020). The effects of genetic and environmental risks are suggested by an increasing number of evidences (Tistarelli et al, 2020;Retz & Rösler, 2009). Parents of children with ADHD are more common to self report symptoms of ADHD than parents of children without ADHD (Xia et al, 2015).…”

Section: Clinical Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic regulation of DAT gene promoter modulates the risk of externalizing and internalizing behaviors on a normative population: An explorative study

Carpentieri

Cerniglia

Cimino

et al. 2021

Behavioural Brain Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Accumulating research addressed epigenetic modifications and their role on behavioral phenotypes. We recently proposed to study methylation dynamics of two CpG motifs within the 5'-UTR of dopamine transporter (DAT) gene. Starting from a normative population sample of young adults, we selected three sub-groups based on their prevalent symptoms: subjects were assigned to Internalizing, Externalizing and Lowrisk sub-groups according to elevated scores in specific phenotypic scales. Using a new approach, we calculated three independent matrixes of cross-correlation between CpG methylation levels, one within each phenotypic sub-group, to determine in which dynamics did the sub-groups differ. We found specific cross-correlation patterns in Externalizing (CpG1, 2 and 3, opposite to the methylation at CpG6) and Internalizing individuals (CpG1 methylation opposite to CpG2, 3 and 6), while Low-risk individuals could follow both trends. A possible exploitation of our results is to identify the risk to develop psychopathological symptoms, related to-Internalizing or Externalizing phenotypes.

show abstract

Section: Clinical Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic regulation of DAT gene promoter modulates the risk of externalizing and internalizing behaviors on a normative population: An explorative study

Carpentieri

Cerniglia

Cimino

et al. 2021

Behavioural Brain Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This includes the inability to assess how changes in substance use prospectively influence ADHD-related cognitive functioning, and the inability to control for differences in baseline characteristics. Future studies should use cotwin-controlled designs or prospective designs which control for daily users and/or heavy use in adolescence, to better control for potential confounds - as these studies are rare and have low sample sizes [ 6 , 14 , 18 , 30 , 31 ]. Another challenge in this area of research is the outcome measures used, where studies that use self-report outcome measures are at risk of response bias.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturalistic exploratory study of the associations of substance use on ADHD outcomes and function

MacDonald

Sadek

2021

BMC Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Although Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with an increased risk of substance use disorder (SUD), existing literature on how SUD interacts with ADHD outcomes is limited. This study investigates whether SUD among individuals with ADHD is associated with worse ADHD outcomes and prognosis, and the association between overall functioning and SUD. In addition, we seek to understand whether heavy cannabis use is a better predictor of poorer outcomes compared to SUD status alone. Method We conducted a retrospective analysis on 50 ADHD patient charts, which were allocated based on SUD status. Subgroup analysis was performed on the total sample population, with allocation based on heavy cannabis use. Mann-Whitney and Chi-Square tests were used for both the primary and subgroup analyses. Results SUD status highly correlated with more ADHD-related cognitive impairments and poorer functional outcomes at the time of diagnosis. ADHD patients with comorbid ADHD-SUD scored significantly lower (p = < 0.0001) on objective cognitive testing (Integrated Auditory and Visual Continuous Performance Test (IVA/CPT)) than ADHD patients without SUD. The correlation with poorer ADHD outcomes was more pronounced when groups were allocated based on heavy cannabis use status; in addition to significantly lower IVA/CPT scores (p = 0.0011), heavy cannabis use was associated with more severe fine motor hyperactivity and self-reported hyperactivity/impulsivity scores (p = 0.0088 and 0.0172, respectively). Conclusion Future research is needed to determine how substance abuse can be a barrier to improved ADHD outcomes, and the effect cannabis and other substances have on cognitive function and pharmacotherapy of ADHD.

show abstract

“…Los TA se caracterizan por dificultades en la lectura, razonamiento, escritura o habilidades matemáticas, con un rendimiento en estas áreas por debajo de lo esperado para la edad cronológica, a pesar de que sensorialmente no se detecte ningún déficit (Johnson, 2017;Karande y Kulkarni, 2005). La prevalencia de TA en niños con TDAH se sitúa, de acuerdo con varios estudios, entre el 16% y el 56% (CADDRA, 2011;Efron et al, 2016;Lonergan et al, 2019;Oerbeck et al, 2017;Reale et al, 2017;Tistarelli, Fagnani, Troianiello, Stazi y Adriani, 2020). Sin embargo, tales datos no reflejan una prevalencia de comorbilidad real, sino dificultades para realizar adecuadamente el diagnóstico diferencial debido a la similitud de los síntomas (Peterson et al, 2017;Preston, Heaton, McCann, Watson y Selke, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Atención Sostenida y Selectiva en subtipos de TDAH y en Trastorno de Aprendizaje: una comparación clínica

Álava¹,

García

Hernansaiz³

et al. 2021

EJREP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introducción. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer si existen diferencias en atención selectiva y sostenida entre niños con diferentes subtipos de TDAH y niños con trastornos del aprendizaje (TA), para mejorar el diagnóstico diferencial entre TDAH y TA y entre los diferentes subtipos de TDAH. Método. La muestra estuvo formada por 437 niños que acudieron a un centro de psicología, de los cuales 234 tenían TDAH y 203 TA (en los que se descartó un diagnóstico de TDAH). Se aplicaron pruebas de atención sostenida y selectiva (Caras, d2, EMAV, AGL, CSAT y CPT-II) a los participantes durante su evaluación y se realizaron análisis descriptivos, ANOVAs de un factor y pruebas F planeadas. Resultados. Las diferencias entre los distintos indicadores de las pruebas utilizadas para medir la atención sugieren que los niños con TDAH tienen dificultades en el rendimiento en atención selectiva y sostenida y procesan la información de forma significativamente más lenta que los niños con TA. Discusión y conclusiones. Los indicadores de algunas de las pruebas utilizadas podrían ser de utilidad para hacer un diagnóstico diferencial entre los niños con TDAH y con TA y para poder establecer un plan de intervención de tratamiento individualizado.

show abstract

The nature and nurture of ADHD and its comorbidities: A narrative review on twin studies

Cited by 76 publications

References 102 publications

Epigenetic regulation of DAT gene promoter modulates the risk of externalizing and internalizing behaviors on a normative population: An explorative study

Epigenetic regulation of DAT gene promoter modulates the risk of externalizing and internalizing behaviors on a normative population: An explorative study

Naturalistic exploratory study of the associations of substance use on ADHD outcomes and function

Atención Sostenida y Selectiva en subtipos de TDAH y en Trastorno de Aprendizaje: una comparación clínica

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About