The Nature and Longevity of Agricultural Impacts on Soil Carbon and Nutrients: A Review

McLauchlan, Kendra K.

doi:10.1007/s10021-005-0135-1

Cited by 398 publications

(316 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…The increase in SOC due to organic amendments can be substantial. Results from a Rothamsted long-term agricultural experiment in Great Britain showed that continuous application of farmyard manure almost tripled the SOC content over 100 years (McLauchlan, 2006). Melero et al (2006) reported that organic management maintained soil organic matter at higher levels than inorganic fertilization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arylsulphatase activity and sulphate content in relation to crop rotation and fertilization of soil

Siwik-Ziomek¹,

Lemanowicz²,

Koper³

2016

International Agrophysics

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A b s t r a c t. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of varying rates of FYM (0, 20, 40, 60 Mg ha -1 ) and nitrogen N 0 , N 1 , N 2 , and N 3 on the content of sulphate sulphur (VI) and the activity of arylsulphatase, which participates in the transformations of this element in Haplic Luvisol. The study report is based on a long-term field experiment with two different crop rotations: A -recognized as exhausting the humus from soil and B -recognized as enriching the soil with humus. During the cultivation of the plants, the soil was sampled four times from corn and a red clover cultivar and grass. The FYM fertilization rate for which the highest arylsulphatase activity and the content of sulphates were identified was 60 Mg ha -1 . An inhibitory effect of high rates (90 and 135 kg N ha -1 ) of ammonium nitrate on the arylsulphatase activity was also observed. A significant correlation between the content of carbon, nitrogen, and sulphates and the arylsulphatase activity was recorded. The investigation on the effect of combined application of farmyard manure and mineral nitrogen fertilization on the activity of arylsulphatase participating in the sulphur cycling was launched to examine the problem in detail.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arylsulphatase activity and sulphate content in relation to crop rotation and fertilization of soil

Siwik-Ziomek¹,

Lemanowicz²,

Koper³

2016

International Agrophysics

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“…Long-term land-use legacies on soil physical and chemical properties have been widely documented [61,62] and can lead to altered plant successional trajectories for years after the abandonment of disturbance [63][64][65][66]. There is some evidence that changes in microbial communities may mediate the altered biogeochemical processes in historically disturbed soils [67,68], although the focus of land-use legacies has been on soil properties, while less research has elucidated the historical imprints on microbial communities themselves [68,69].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Soil Fungi to Logging and Oil Palm Agriculture in Southeast Asian Tropical Forests

et al. 2014

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Human land use alters soil microbial composition and function in a variety of systems, although few comparable studies have been done in tropical forests and tropical agricultural production areas. Logging and the expansion of oil palm agriculture are two of the most significant drivers of tropical deforestation, and the latter is most prevalent in Southeast Asia. The aim of this study was to compare soil fungal communities from three sites in Malaysia that represent three of the most dominant land-use types in the Southeast Asia tropics: a primary forest, a regenerating forest that had been selectively logged 50 years previously, and a 25-year-old oil palm plantation. Soil cores were collected from three replicate plots at each site, and fungal communities were sequenced using the Illumina platform. Extracellular enzyme assays were assessed as a proxy for soil microbial function. We found that fungal communities were distinct across all sites, although fungal composition in the regenerating forest was more similar to the primary forest than either forest community was to the oil palm site. Ectomycorrhizal fungi, which are important associates of the dominant Dipterocarpaceae tree family in this region, were compositionally distinct across forests, but were nearly absent from oil palm soils. Extracellular enzyme assays indicated that the soil ecosystem in oil palm plantations experienced altered nutrient cycling dynamics, but there were few differences between regenerating and primary forest soils. Together, these results show that logging and the replacement of primary forest with oil palm plantations alter fungal community and function, although forests regenerating from logging had more similarities with primary forests in terms of fungal composition and nutrient cycling potential. Since oil palm agriculture is currently the mostly rapidly expanding equatorial crop and logging is pervasive across tropical ecosystems, these findings may have broad applicability.

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“…For several decades, in most parts of the developing world, increased production has been attained through conversion of natural ecosystems to agriculture (Giardina and others 2000;Tilman and others 2002) instead of increasing production per unit area. The anthropogenic perturbations, which accompany this land-use change through continuous cultivation and land tillage cause an immediate and rapid loss of carbon (Davidson and Ackerman 1993;Tilman and others 2002;McLauchlan 2006;Solomon and others 2007) due to the disruption of the physical, biochemical, and chemical mechanisms of soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization exposing it to microbial degradation. In resource-limited agricultural regions, this dynamic is accompanied by a removal of crop residues for feed and fuel as well as a shortage of agricultural inputs and hence lower plant growth, leading to reduced-carbon returns by residues to soil (Lal 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversibility of Soil Productivity Decline with Organic Matter of Differing Quality Along a Degradation Gradient

et al. 2008

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In the highlands of Western Kenya, we investigated the reversibility of soil productivity decline with increasing length of continuous maize cultivation over 100 years (corresponding to decreasing soil organic carbon (SOC) and nutrient contents) using organic matter additions of differing quality and stability as a function of soil texture and inorganic nitrogen (N) additions. The ability of additions of labile organic matter (green and animal manure) to improve productivity primarily by enhanced nutrient availability was contrasted with the ability of stable organic matter (biochar and sawdust) to improve productivity by enhancing SOC. Maize productivity declined by 66% during the first 35 years of continuous cropping after forest clearing. Productivity remained at a low level of 3.0 t grain ha -1 across the chronosequence stretching up to 105 years of continuous cultivation despite full N-phosphorus (P)-potassium (K) fertilization (120-100-100 kg ha )1 ). Application of organic resources reversed the productivity decline by increasing yields by 57-167%, whereby responses to nutrient-rich green manure were 110% greater than those from nutrient-poor sawdust. Productivity at the most degraded sites (80-105 years since forest clearing) increased in response to green manure to a greater extent than the yields at the least degraded sites (5 years since forest clearing), both with full N-P-K fertilization. Biochar additions at the most degraded sites doubled maize yield (equaling responses to green manure additions in some instances) that were not fully explained by nutrient availability, suggesting improvement of factors other than plant nutrition. There was no detectable influence of texture (soils with either 11-14 or 45-49% clay) when low quality organic matter was applied (sawdust, biochar), whereas productivity was 8, 15, and 39% greater (P < 0.05) on sandier than heavier textured soils with high quality organic matter (green and animal manure) or only inorganic nutrient additions, respectively. Across the entire degradation range, organic matter additions decreased the need for additional inorganic fertilizer N irrespective of the quality of the organic matter. For low quality organic resources (biochar and sawdust), crop yields were increasingly responsive to inorganic N fertilization with increasing soil degradation. On the other hand, fertilizer N additions did not 726improve soil productivity when high quality organic inputs were applied. Even with the tested full N-P-K fertilization, adding organic matter to soil was required for restoring soil productivity and most effective in the most degraded sites through both nutrient delivery (with green manure) and improvement of SOC (with biochar).

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The Nature and Longevity of Agricultural Impacts on Soil Carbon and Nutrients: A Review

Cited by 398 publications

References 141 publications

Arylsulphatase activity and sulphate content in relation to crop rotation and fertilization of soil

Arylsulphatase activity and sulphate content in relation to crop rotation and fertilization of soil

Responses of Soil Fungi to Logging and Oil Palm Agriculture in Southeast Asian Tropical Forests

Reversibility of Soil Productivity Decline with Organic Matter of Differing Quality Along a Degradation Gradient

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