The Natural Resource Damage Assessment Model for Coastal and Marine Environments (Nrdam/Cme)1

Grigalunas, Thomas A.; Opaluch, James J.; French, Deborah P.; Reed, Mark

doi:10.7901/2169-3358-1987-1-541

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Then the hazard rate, denoted by (t), is defined by (t) = -dln(S(t))/dt. 17 We refer to Van den Berg [30] for further explanation of hazard rates and duration models.…”

Section: Econometric Models and Estimation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The classification is "black", "grey" and "white". Classification 17 Here, 'ln' denotes the natural logarithm, and the survival function is obtained by…”

Section: Econometric Models and Estimation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As concerns the cost of pollution, there is currently no consensus at IMO level, but SAFEDOR provides an average figure of USD 60,000 [16] per ton. This figure does not take into account the associated costs of environmental damage (such as loss of animal life) and of other socio-economic factors, see Grigalunas et al [17] and Grey [18], since it is very difficult to estimate these costs.…”

Section: Dataset and Determination Of Base Values For Incident Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimated incident cost savings in shipping due to inspections

Knapp

Bijwaard

Heij

2011

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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The effectiveness of safety inspections has been analysed from various angles, but until now, relatively little attention has been given to translate risk reduction into incident cost savings. This paper quantifies estimated cost savings based on port state control inspections and industry vetting inspections. It is based on a unique dataset of 515,194 ship arrivals and inspections from the United States of America and Australia, and inspections of three industry vetting inspection regimes, for the time period 2002 to 2007. The risk reducing effect of inspections is estimated by means of duration models, in terms of inspection gains based on the probability of survival. The results suggest average total estimated cost savings in the range of USD 74 to 192 thousand (median USD 19 to 46 thousand) owing to reduced risk of total loss due to a port state control inspection. Cost savings for industry inspections are found to be even higher, especially for tankers. The savings vary by type, age and size of the ship. The benefits of an inspection are in general larger for older and larger vessels, and also for vessels with undefined flags and unknown classification societies. As inspection costs are relatively low in comparison to potential cost savings, the results underline the importance in determining high risk ships to prevent costs due to total loss of ships.

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“…Then the hazard rate, denoted by (t), is defined by (t) = -dln(S(t))/dt. 17 We refer to Van den Berg [30] for further explanation of hazard rates and duration models.…”

Section: Econometric Models and Estimation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The classification is "black", "grey" and "white". Classification 17 Here, 'ln' denotes the natural logarithm, and the survival function is obtained by…”

Section: Econometric Models and Estimation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dataset and Determination Of Base Values For Incident Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Estimated incident cost savings in shipping due to inspections

Knapp

Bijwaard

Heij

2011

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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“…Documentation of injuries usually involves field observations and data collection, although laboratory-generated models to predict injury to biological systems have been developed. (14)(15)(16) Documenting injuries, however, should also include degradation to resources that require natural intact systems for their full value (such as sacred grounds or other valued landscapes), and this is more fully explored below. Several authors have noted that Native Americans are more at risk than most U.S. populations.…”

Section: Background On Natural Resource Damage Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecocultural Attributes: Evaluating Ecological Degradation in Terms of Ecological Goods and Services Versus Subsistence and Tribal Values

et al. 2008

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It is becoming increasingly clear that scientists, managers, lawyers, public policymakers, and the public must decide how to value what is provided by, and is a consequence of, natural resources. While “Western” scientists have clear definitions for the goods and services that ecosystems provide, we contend that these categories do not encompass the full totality of the values provided by natural resources. Partly the confusion results from a limited view of natural resources derived from the need to monetize the value of ecosystems and their component parts. Partly it derives from the “Western” way of separating natural resources from cultural resources or values, and partly it derives from the false dichotomy of assuming that ecosystems are natural, and anything constructed by man is not natural. In this article, we explore the previous assumptions, and suggest that because cultural resources often derive from, and indeed require, intact and unspoiled natural ecosystems or settings, that these values are rightly part of natural resources. The distinction is not trivial because of the current emphasis on cleaning up chemically and radiologically contaminated sites, on restoration of damaged ecosystems, on natural resource damage assessments, and on long-term stewardship goals. All of these processes depend upon defining natural resources appropriately. Several laws, regulations, and protocols depend upon natural resource trustees to protect natural resources on trust lands, which could lead to the circular definition that natural resources are those resources that the trustees feel they are responsible for. Where subsistence or tribal peoples are involved, the definition of natural resources should be broadened to include those ecocultural attributes that are dependent upon, and have incorporated, natural resources. For example, a traditional hunting and fishing ground is less valued by subsistence peoples if it is despoiled by contamination or physical ecosystem degradation; an Indian sacred ground is tarnished if the surrounding natural environment is degraded; a traditional homeland is less valued if the land itself is contaminated. Our argument is that intact natural resources are essential elements of many cultural resources, and this aspect requires and demands adequate consideration (and may therefore require compensation).

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“…Wood [2] identifies four components to the costs of marine incidents, such as lost assets, loss of cargo, lost lives, and pollution. It is very complex to estimate some of these components since one cannot put a monetary value to the loss or damage to marine ecology (Goulielmos and Giziakis [3], Grigalunas et al [4], and Grey [5]). The Formal Safety Assessment Guidelines provide an overall framework to address the various risks and consequences but does not provide any details to deal with damages to the marine ecology that cannot be quantified in monetary terms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Traffic and Risk Exposure in the Maritime Industry

Hoorn

Knapp

2019

Safety

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Maritime regulators, port authorities, and industry require the ability to predict risk exposure of shipping activities at a micro and macro level to optimize asset allocation and to mitigate and prevent incidents. This article introduces the concept of a strategic planning tool by making use of the multi-layered risk estimation framework (MLREF), which accounts for ship specific risk, vessel traffic densities, and meets ocean conditions at the macro level. This article’s main contribution is to provide a traffic and risk exposure prediction routine that allows the traffic forecast to be distributed across the shipping route network to allow for predicting scenarios at the macro level (e.g., covering larger geographic areas) and micro level (e.g., passage way, particular route of interest). In addition, the micro level is introduced by providing a theoretical idea to integrate location specific spatial rate ratios along with the effect of the risk control option to perform sensitivity analysis of risk exposure prediction scenarios. Aspects of the risk exposure estimation routine were tested via a pilot study for the Australian region using a comprehensive and unique combination of datasets. Sources of uncertainties for risk assessments are described in general and discussed along with the potential for future developments and improvements.

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The Natural Resource Damage Assessment Model for Coastal and Marine Environments (Nrdam/Cme)1

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Estimated incident cost savings in shipping due to inspections

Estimated incident cost savings in shipping due to inspections

Ecocultural Attributes: Evaluating Ecological Degradation in Terms of Ecological Goods and Services Versus Subsistence and Tribal Values

Predicting Traffic and Risk Exposure in the Maritime Industry

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