The natural radioactivity in phosphate deposits from Sudan

Sam, A.K.; Holm, E.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(95)04452-7

Cited by 54 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The 232 Th activity of the present study in phosphate fertilizers is very much lower than the value reported by Conceicao and Bonotto (2006) and Saueia et al (2005) and exceeds the values reported in Egypt (Mourad et al, 2009), Israel (Sam and Holm, 1995), and Algeria, Jordan, Tunisia and Sudan (Olszewska-Wasiolek, 1995). The activity of 40 K was found to be high in the fertilizer muriate of potash (MOP), which contained a 40 K activity of 3051.71 ± 19 Bq.kg -1 .…”

Section: Fertilizer Samplescontrasting

confidence: 53%

Assessment of radioactive pollution around a fertilizer factory complex in the North-Eastern part of Bangladesh

et al. 2013

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Section: Fertilizer Samplescontrasting

confidence: 53%

Assessment of radioactive pollution around a fertilizer factory complex in the North-Eastern part of Bangladesh

et al. 2013

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“…In general, the samples are collected from the places where 752-1,250 kg phosphate fertilizer are used per hectare (10 4 m 2 ) per year, whereas in Brazil, it is 600 kg per hectare per year (Malavolta 1994;Conceicao et al 2006) and in Tanzania 300 kg per hectare per year (Sam and Holm 1995). For huge agricultural productivity, farmers use huge amounts of phosphate fertilizer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The contribution of radionuclides in phosphate fertilizer to external radiation exposure in the agricultural areas is proportional to the intensity of fertilizer application (Sam and Holm 1995). In general, the samples are collected from the places where 752-1,250 kg phosphate fertilizer are used per hectare (10 4 m 2 ) per year, whereas in Brazil, it is 600 kg per hectare per year (Malavolta 1994;Conceicao et al 2006) and in Tanzania 300 kg per hectare per year (Sam and Holm 1995).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of natural radioactivity in chemical fertilizer and agricultural soil: evidence of high alpha activity

Ghosh

Deb

Bera

et al. 2007

Environ Geochem Health

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People are exposed to ionizing radiation from the radionuclides that are present in different types of natural sources, of which phosphate fertilizer is one of the most important sources. Radionuclides in phosphate fertilizer belonging to 232Th and 238U series as well as radioisotope of potassium (40K) are the major contributors of outdoor terrestrial natural radiation. The study of alpha activity in fertilizers, which is the first ever in West Bengal, has been performed in order to determine the effect of the use of phosphate fertilizers on human health. The data have been compared with the alpha activity of different types of chemical fertilizers. The measurement of alpha activity in surface soil samples collected from the cultivated land was also performed. The sampling sites were randomly selected in the cultivated land in the Midnapore district, which is the largest district in West Bengal. The phosphate fertilizer is widely used for large agricultural production, mainly potatoes. The alpha activities have been measured using solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD), a very sensitive detector for alpha particles. The results show that alpha activity of those fertilizer and soil samples varies from 141 Bq/kg to 2,589 Bq/kg and from 109 Bq/kg to 660 Bq/kg, respectively. These results were used to estimate environmental radiation exposure on human health contributed by the direct application of fertilizers.

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“…The risks associated with mining, milling and manufacturing of phosphoric acid and phosphate fertilizers have been widely documented at different sites around the world. Solid waste products of the phosphate industry, notably gypsum (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O), termed phosphogypsum, but also dusts generated during milling, can carry particularly high concentrations of 226 Rn, 210 Pb and 210 Po (e.g., [74,[98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109]. Although waste from the phosphate industry has, in some cases, been disposed of in the marine environment (e.g., [101]), elsewhere, most spectacularly in Florida, where the World's largest phosphoric acid industry is centred, huge waste piles (gypstacks) have been generated, creating serious waste management issues.…”

Section: Pb and 210 Po In Mining And Processing Of Phosphatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

210Pb and 210Po in Geological and Related Anthropogenic Materials: Implications for Their Mineralogical Distribution in Base Metal Ores

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The distributions of 210 Pb and 210 Po, short half-life products of 238 U decay, in geological and related anthropogenic materials are reviewed, with emphasis on their geochemical behaviours and likely mineral hosts. Concentrations of natural 210 Pb and 210 Po in igneous and related hydrothermal environments are governed by release from crustal reservoirs. 210 Po may undergo volatilisation, inducing disequilibrium in magmatic systems. In sedimentary environments (marine, lacustrine, deltaic and fluvial), as in soils, concentrations of 210 Pb and 210 Po are commonly derived from a combination of natural and anthropogenic sources. Enhanced concentrations of both radionuclides are reported in media from a variety of industrial operations, including uranium mill tailings, waste from phosphoric acid production, oil and gas exploitation and energy production from coals, as well as in residues from the mining and smelting of uranium-bearing copper ores. Although the mineral hosts of the two radionuclides in most solid media are readily defined as those containing parent 238 U and 226 Ra, their distributions in some hydrothermal U-bearing ores and the products of processing those ores are much less well constrained. Much of the present understanding of these radionuclides is based on indirect data rather than direct observation and potential hosts are likely to be diverse, with deportments depending on the local geochemical environment. Some predictions can nevertheless be made based on the geochemical properties of 210 Pb and 210 Po and those of the intermediate products of 238 U decay, including isotopes of Ra and Rn. Alongside all U-bearing minerals, the potential hosts of 210 Pb and 210 Po may include Pb-bearing chalcogenides such as galena, as well as a range of sulphates, carbonates, and Fe-oxides. 210 Pb and 210 Po are also likely to occur as nanoparticles adsorbed onto the surface of other minerals, such as clays, Fe-(hydr)oxides and possibly also carbonates. In rocks, unsupported 210 Pb-and/or 210 Po-bearing nanoparticles may also be present within micro-fractures in minerals and at the interfaces of mineral grains. Despite forming under very limited and special conditions, the local-scale isotopic disequilibrium they infer is highly relevant for understanding their distributions in mineralized rocks and processing products.

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The natural radioactivity in phosphate deposits from Sudan

Cited by 54 publications

References 6 publications

Assessment of radioactive pollution around a fertilizer factory complex in the North-Eastern part of Bangladesh

Assessment of radioactive pollution around a fertilizer factory complex in the North-Eastern part of Bangladesh

Measurement of natural radioactivity in chemical fertilizer and agricultural soil: evidence of high alpha activity

210Pb and 210Po in Geological and Related Anthropogenic Materials: Implications for Their Mineralogical Distribution in Base Metal Ores

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