The natural plant stress elicitor cis-jasmone causes cultivar-dependent reduction in growth of the stink bug, Euschistus heros and associated changes in flavonoid concentrations in soybean, Glycine max

Abstract

To test the hypothesis that the plant stress related elicitor cis-jasmone (cJ) provides protection in soybean pods against the seed-sucking stink bug pest, Euschistus heros, the growth of E. heros on cJ-treated pods was investigated using three soybean cultivars differing in insect susceptibility, i.e. BRS 134 (susceptible), IAC 100 (resistant) and Dowling (resistant). E. heros showed reduced weight gain when fed cJ-treated Dowling, whereas no effect on weight gain was observed when fed other treated cultivars. Using analysis of variance, a three factor (cultivar x treatment x time) interaction was observed with concentrations of the flavonoid glycosides daidzin and genistin, and their corresponding aglycones, daidzein and genistein. There were increases in genistein and genistin concentrations in cJ-treated Dowling at 144 and 120 h post treatment, respectively. Higher concentrations of malonyldaidzin and malonylgenistin in Dowling, compared to BRS 134 and IAC 100, were observed independently of time, the highest concentrations being observed in cJ-treated seeds. Levels of glycitin and malonylglycitin were higher in BRS 134 and IAC 100 compared to Dowling. Canonical variate analysis indicated daidzein (in the first two canonical variates) and genistein (in the first only) as important discriminatory variables. These results suggest that cJ treatment leads to an increase in the levels of potentially defensive isoflavonoids in immature soybean seeds, but the negative effect upon E. heros performance is cultivar-dependent.

The influence of resistant soybean cultivars on the biological development of Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

“…Some of them, such as isoflavonoids, depending on the concentration, may be attractants, deterrents, repellents, or toxic to insects (Hoffmann-Campo et al 2001;Simmonds 2001;Chacón-Fuentes et al 2015). Recently, it was shown that soybean seeds of cv Dowling treated with cis-jasmone had their direct defence activated, influencing the weight of E. heros adults, and the authors related this result to the higher production of flavonoids (Graça et al 2016). The results obtained here, similar to the results reported by Graca et al (2016), showed that E. heros adults and nymphs feed with Dowling seeds (0-48 h) had their development negatively affected.…”

“…could not be directly related to the resistance observed in Dowling seeds. The direct defence of cv Dowling against E. heros may be related to other phytochemicals, such as the malonyl derivatives (Graça et al 2016), or amino acids found in soybeans that could be responsible for resistance of the plants, as observed by Chiozza et al (2010), who showed that the amino acids in soybean leaves affected the development of the aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae). In addition, the higher flavonoids level in cv Silvânia compared to cv Dowling did not affect the development of E. heros, and this breakdown plant-resistance can be related with the insect gut microbiota, that can degraded or deactivate the soybean chemical defence, as observed to N. viridula (Medina et al 2018).…”

“…The induction of two isoflavonoids, daidzein and daidzin, after Spodoptera litura F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) herbivory has also been reported (Murakami et al 2014). Recently, Graça et al (2016) described that cis-jasmone, a plant phytohormone, increased the levels of flavonoids on three different soybean cultivars, including cvs IAC 100 and Dowling. The resistance of IAC 100 to stink bugs (Carrão-Panizzi and Kitamura 1995) and lepidopterans (Piubelli et al 2005;McPherson and Buss 2007) has been proposed to be an antibiotic effect.…”

Manipulating the Difference between the Day and Night Temperatures Can Enhance the Quality of Astragalus membranaceus and Codonopsis lanceolata Plug Seedlings

“…As non-enzymatic antioxidants in nature, total phenols and flavonoids have the capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species and maintain the homeostasis in plants [46]. The higher contents of total phenols and flavonoids observed in 0 • C or +10 • C DIF were more helpful to plug seedlings in coping with abiotic stresses [47], compared to the lower concentrations in −10 • C DIF. As important secondary metabolites, the higher contents of total phenols and flavonoids also suggested a higher medicinal value to humans [48].…”

Sensing the Danger Signals: cis-Jasmone Reduces Aphid Performance on Potato and Modulates the Magnitude of Released Volatiles

“…This negative influence of CJ application can be also extended to include the foraging activity of aphids (Paprocka et al, 2018). Interestingly, more deleterious insects are negatively influenced by CJ application as such as thrips (Egger and Koschier, 2014;Egger et al, 2016) and stink bugs (da Graça et al, 2016). Further, not only puncturing and/or sucking insects are adversely affected by CJ application, but also chewing lepidopteran pests such as the noctuid, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), which laid fewer egg masses when reared on CJtreated tomato plants (Disi et al, 2017).…”