The natural occurrence of fumonisins in Brazilian corn kernels

Hirooka, Elisa Yoko; Yamaguchi, Margarida Masami; Aoyama, Susumu; Sugiura, Yoshitsugu

doi:10.1080/02652039609374396

Cited by 82 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A alta incidência de fumonisinas em milho brasileiro é preocupante, uma vez que um dos primeiros estudos revelou 100 e 97,4% de contaminação por fumonisina B 1 (FB 1 ) e B 2 (FB 2 ), respectivamente (HIROOKA et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Fumonisinas: efeitos toxicológicos, mecanismo de ação e biomarcadores para avaliação da exposição

et al. 2004

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ResumoFumonisinas são toxinas produzidas por Fusarium verticillioides Sacc. Niremberg (F. moniliforme Sheldon), patógeno primário de milho, que está implicado em inúmeras doenças animais, com ênfase em leucoencefalomalácia em eqüinos, edema pulmonar em suínos e carcinomas hepáticos e renais em ratos e camundongos. Em seres humanos, os estudos epidemiológicos têm associado o consumo de milho altamente contaminado com fumonisinas ao câncer esofágico em populações da China e África do Sul. Além disso, a contaminação de milho por Fusarium spp. causa perdas econômicas consideráveis em todo o mundo. Estruturalmente, a fumonisina B 1 (FB 1 ) assemelha-se às bases esfingóides, sendo a toxicidade e carcinogenicidade associada à capacidade de inibir a ceramida sintetase, uma enzima chave na via de biossíntese dos esfingolipídeos, causando acúmulo de esfinganina e depleção de esfingolipídeos complexos importantes nas funções celulares. Devido à ocorrência global, as fumonisinas têm sido alvo de intensas investigações na tentativa de desenvolver biomarcadores capazes de avaliar a exposição à FB 1 e, estabelecer os níveis de contaminação que não causem danos à saúde humana e animal. Esta revisão apresenta os principais aspectos referentes à toxicidade de fumonisinas em animais e sistemas in vitro, aliado ao mecanismo de ação bioquímica e aos biomarcadores visando avaliação da exposição. Palavras-chave: Fumonisinas, esfingolipídios, Fusarium verticillioides, biomarcadores, milho. AbstractFumonisins, mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides Sacc. Niremberg (F. moniliforme Sheldon), the prevalent seed borne fungus of corn (Zea mays), have been associated with several animal diseases, such as equine leukoencephalomalacia, porcine pulmonary edema and hepatic and renal carcinomas in rats and mice. Epidemiological studies have linked consumption of fumonisin-contaminated corn with esophageal cancer in human populations in China and South Africa. In addition, fungal growth and further corn contamination by fumonisins cause great economic losses throughout the world. The

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Fumonisinas: efeitos toxicológicos, mecanismo de ação e biomarcadores para avaliação da exposição

et al. 2004

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“…section Flavi were detected in 41 and 33 samples, respectively (48). In a recent survey involving 150 samples of freshly harvested corn from the Central-Southern, Central-Western and Northern regions of the state of Parana, the samples were frequently contaminated with Fusarium spp.…”

Section: Mycological Surveys and Mycotoxin-producing Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxin research in Brazil: the last decade in review

Rodriguez–Amaya

Sabino

2002

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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The number of research papers (128 papers) on mycotoxins published by Brazilian researchers in 1991-2000 surpassed the total number (85 papers) published in the preceding three decades . Thirty percent of the papers surveyed mycotoxins in foods and feeds. AFs in peanut and peanut products continued to be alarming, and high incidence and levels of FBs in corn and corn products also appeared as a serious problem. Contamination with other toxins, such as ZEA, OTA and trichothecenes, was low. Occurrence of AFM 1 in milk and dairy products and patulin in apple juice needs to be verified as the results are somewhat diverging. Work on analytical methods, mycological examination and toxic effects constituted 16, 13 and 13%, respectively, of the published papers in the decade assessed. Attempts to find means of preventing/controlling fungal growth and mycotoxin production notably increased, making up 27% of the papers, including investigations on influencing factors (e.g. genotype resistance, water content/a w , relative humidity, temperature, presence of metals, type of soil, mite infestation) and antagonistic potential of other microorganisms against mycotoxin-producing fungi. Effects of plant extract, flavonoids, fungicides and other chemicals, storage bag material, adsorbents, cooking and processing of food were also studied. Thus, notwithstanding constraints on resources, Brazilian research responds to the needs of the country, reflects international concerns and recent developments in the area.

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“…Francheschi et al (1990) linked the rise in the development of EC in north-eastern Italy to increased corn consumption, in which polenta is the main basic food (Doko and Visconti, 1994) with a possible relation to a human carcinogenic In Brazil, it has been related to outbreaks of toxicosis in animals (Meirelles et al, 1994;Sydenham et al, 1992). There are records of the occurrence of fumonisins in corn and corn-based products, particularly in the Southern and Southwestern regions of the country, with levels that vary from 0.02 to 49.31µg/g for FB 1 and from 0.05 to 29.16 µg/g for FB 2 (Camargos et al, 2000;Hirooka et al, 1996;Ono et al, 2000Ono et al, , 2001Ono et al, , 2002Orsi et al, 2000). In Santa Catarina, FBs studies reported up to 97.3 % of the corn sold is contaminated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%