The natural/man-made distinction is made before basic-level distinctions in scene gist processing

Loschky, Lester C.; Larson, Adam M.

doi:10.1080/13506280902937606

Cited by 76 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, there was some indication of superior performance in the natural-manmade group under processing time challenges (see Figure 5). This mirrors the results with human participants, where categorical distinctions between two members of the same superordinate category are more difficult than distinctions between members of two different superordinate categories, particularly with shorter processing times Loschky & Larson, 2010;Mace et al, 2009). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Scene gist categorization by pigeons.

Kirkpatrick

Bilton

Hansen

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cogniti

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Scene gist categorization in humans is rapid, accurate, and tuned to the fundamental statistical regularities in the visual world. However, no studies have investigated whether scene gist categorization is a general process shared across species, or whether it may be influenced by species-specific adaptive specializations relying on specific low-level scene statistical regularities of the environment. Although pigeons form many types of categorical judgments, little research has examined pigeons' scene categorization, and no studies have examined pigeons' ability to do so rapidly. In Experiment 1, pigeons were trained to discriminate between either two basic-level categories (beach vs. mountain) or a superordinate level natural versus a man-made scene category distinction (beach vs. street).The birds successfully learned both tasks to a high degree of accuracy, and transferred their discrimination to novel images. Furthermore, the pigeons successfully discriminated stimuli presented in the .2-.35 s duration range. This indicates that pigeons, a highly divergent species from humans, are also capable of rapid scene categorization, but that they require longer stimulus durations than humans, who can successfully categorize scenes with durations of .027 s or less. Experiment 2 examined whether pigeons make use of complex statistical regularities during scene gist categorization across multiple viewpoints. Pigeons were trained with the two natural categories from Experiment 1 (beach vs. mountain) with zenith (90°), bird's eye (45°), and terrestrial (0°) viewpoints. A sizable portion of the variability in pigeon categorization performance was explained by the systematic variation in scene category-specific statistical regularities, which has also been found with human scene categorization performance. In sum, the current study suggests that rapid scene categorization is a process that is shared across pigeons and humans, but shows a degree of adaptive specialization.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Scene gist categorization by pigeons.

Kirkpatrick

Bilton

Hansen

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cogniti

Self Cite

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“…These results do not support the claim that gist is picked up without attention (e.g., Tsuchiya & Koch, 2009;van Boxtel et al, 2010), nor are they consistent with the conclusion that gist, even if one equates it with a superordinate category like inside/outside or a basic-level category like ''mountain'' or ''animal'' (Loschky & Larson, 2010), is perceived without attention (Li, VanRullen, Koch, & Perona, 2005).…”

Section: Interpretation Of Cross Task Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Gist perception requires attention

Mack

Clarke

2012

Visual Cognition

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“…Naturalness (or semantic content), in particular, has been suggested to play a central role in scene categorization (Oliva and Torralba, 2001; Greene and Oliva, 2009a; Groen et al, 2013; Berman et al, 2014). For example, the discrimination between man-made and natural scenes occurs rapidly, and precedes categorization based on the basic-level category of the scene (Joubert et al, 2007; Loschky and Larson, 2010; Kadar and Ben-Shahar, 2012; Banno and Saiki, 2015). Indeed, in the current study naturalness already had an effect on the N1 component, albeit only at the grand average analysis level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Temporal Dynamics of Scene Processing: A Multifaceted EEG Investigation

Harel

Groen

Kravitz

et al. 2016

eNeuro

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Our remarkable ability to process complex visual scenes is supported by a network of scene-selective cortical regions. Despite growing knowledge about the scene representation in these regions, much less is known about the temporal dynamics with which these representations emerge. We conducted two experiments aimed at identifying and characterizing the earliest markers of scene-specific processing. In the first experiment, human participants viewed images of scenes, faces, and everyday objects while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. We found that the first ERP component to evince a significantly stronger response to scenes than the other categories was the P2, peaking ∼220 ms after stimulus onset. To establish that the P2 component reflects scene-specific processing, in the second experiment, we recorded ERPs while the participants viewed diverse real-world scenes spanning the following three global scene properties: spatial expanse (open/closed), relative distance (near/far), and naturalness (man-made/natural). We found that P2 amplitude was sensitive to these scene properties at both the categorical level, distinguishing between open and closed natural scenes, as well as at the single-image level, reflecting both computationally derived scene statistics and behavioral ratings of naturalness and spatial expanse. Together, these results establish the P2 as an ERP marker for scene processing, and demonstrate that scene-specific global information is available in the neural response as early as 220 ms.

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The natural/man-made distinction is made before basic-level distinctions in scene gist processing

Cited by 76 publications

References 43 publications

Scene gist categorization by pigeons.

Scene gist categorization by pigeons.

Gist perception requires attention

The Temporal Dynamics of Scene Processing: A Multifaceted EEG Investigation

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