The natural history of meningococcal carriage and disease

Trotter, Caroline; GAY, N. J.; Edmunds, W. John

doi:10.1017/s0950268805005339

Cited by 104 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The carriage rates found for the three species in the villagers were similar as previously reported for the general population elsewhere, with the same pattern of early acquisition in life [15,16]. Nevertheless, the carriage rate reported here for N. meningitidis in the immediate family of the patient is normally encountered in household contacts of a case and a few specific close contacts outside the domestic context [1,3,12,16,17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Neisseria meningitidis: a neglected cause of infectious haemorrhagic fever in the amazon rainforest

Barroso¹,

Silva²

2007

Braz J Infect Dis

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Neisseria meningitidis has not been seen as a significant cause of infectious haemorrhagic fever in the Amazon inlands; most reported cases are from the city of Manaus, the capital of the State of Amazonas. This picture is sustained by the lack of reliable microbiology laboratories, the perception of the health care workers, and the difficult to reach medical assistance; thus the number of confirmed cases is even lower with no reference of the strains phenotype. We report here the investigation of a case of suspected meningococcemia and his close contacts in a rural community in the Coari Lake, up the Amazon River.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Neisseria meningitidis: a neglected cause of infectious haemorrhagic fever in the amazon rainforest

Barroso¹,

Silva²

2007

Braz J Infect Dis

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“…The interplay between carriage and disease of meningococci is complex, 26 involving carriage-induced immunity over time as well as virulence factors of carried strains. We hypothesize that strains causing IMD more frequently are also more frequently carried and/or transmitted in the population, thus requiring higher vaccination coverage to interrupt their transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease in Germany, 2002–2010, and impact of vaccination with meningococcal C conjugate vaccine

Hellenbrand

Elias

Wichmann

et al. 2013

Journal of Infection

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SummaryObjectives: To analyse serogroup (Sg)-and finetype-specific invasive meningococcal disease burden (IMD) in Germany, 2002Germany, -2010, with emphasis on effects of vaccination with conjugate SgC vaccines targeting one-year old children since 2006, including individual-based catch-up to 17 years of age.Methods: Serogroup-and age-specific IMD incidence and trends were calculated using statutory surveillance data. The national reference laboratory performed genetic finetyping. Vaccination uptake data were obtained from school entry surveys and prescription monitoring. Results:In persons <25 years, SgB and SgC IMD incidence decreased significantly from 0.63 to 0.32/100,000 and 0.26 to 0.10/100,000, respectively. The decline was significantly steeper for SgC than SgB in 1-5 year-olds, the primary vaccination target group, but not other ages. The slope of the SgC incidence curves was similar before and after vaccination implementation in all age groups; however, the decrease in incidence was steeper in states with higher vaccination uptake. Declining SgC incidence was associated with decreased SgC finetype diversity. An increase in SgY incidence was limited to adults. Conclusions:Results suggest effects of the German SgC vaccination strategy are limited, although interpretation is complicated by already low and decreasing incidence before vaccination. More effective use of vaccination resources might be achieved by rigorously targeting adolescents in addition to 1-year-olds.

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“…Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Europe for the most part occurs as sporadic cases, with most transmission leading to asymptomatic carriage [1]. In several European studies investigating the proportion of subsequent, epidemiologically linked cases, these comprised 3-16% of all cases [2][3][4][5][6], with higher proportions reported in higher incidence settings [3,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the evidence for giving chemoprophylaxis to children or students attending the same preschool, school or college as a case of meningococcal disease?

Hellenbrand

Hanquet²,

Heuberger

et al. 2011

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYWe performed a systematic literature review to assess the effectiveness of chemoprophylaxis for contacts of sporadic cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in educational settings. No studies directly compared IMD risk in contacts with/without chemoprophylaxis. However, compared to the background incidence, an elevated IMD risk was identified in settings without a general recommendation for chemoprophylaxis in pre-schools [pooled risk difference (RD) 58 . 2/10 5 , 95 % confidence interval (CI) 27 . 3-89 . 0] and primary schools (pooled RD 4 . 9/10 5 , 95% CI 2 . 9-6 . 9) in the y30 days after contact with a sporadic IMD case, but not in other educational settings. Thus, limited but consistent evidence suggests the risk of IMD in pre-school contacts of sporadic IMD cases is significantly increased above the background risk, but lower than in household contacts (pooled RD for household contacts with no chemoprophylaxis vs. background incidence : 480 . 1/10 5 , 95 % CI 321 . 5-639 . 9). We recommend chemoprophylaxis for pre-school contacts depending on an assessment of duration and closeness of contact.

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The natural history of meningococcal carriage and disease

Cited by 104 publications

References 21 publications

Neisseria meningitidis: a neglected cause of infectious haemorrhagic fever in the amazon rainforest

Neisseria meningitidis: a neglected cause of infectious haemorrhagic fever in the amazon rainforest

Epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease in Germany, 2002–2010, and impact of vaccination with meningococcal C conjugate vaccine

What is the evidence for giving chemoprophylaxis to children or students attending the same preschool, school or college as a case of meningococcal disease?

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