The natural history of Ebola virus in Africa

Pourrut, Xavier; Kumulungui, Brice; Wittmann, Tatiana; Moussavou, Ghislain; Delicat, André; Yaba, Philippe; Nkoghe, Dieudonné; Gonzalez, Jean‐Paul; Leroy, Eric M.

doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2005.04.006

Cited by 269 publications

(270 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Only Ϸ10 recognized ZEBOV outbreaks among humans have occurred to date, and all of these took place in west-central Africa during three distinct periods : 1976-1977, 1994-1997, and 2001-2005 (1). Outbreaks have been shown to coincide with significant mortality among wildlife in surrounding areas (2,3), and it is thought that people first acquire infection through the handling of infected animal carcasses (1,4,5). Ecological survey data indicate that the detrimental effects of ZEBOV infection on wildlife populations, mainly chimpanzees and gorillas, over the last two decades have been much more dramatic and widespread than the frequency and geographic scale of human outbreaks alone would suggest (2,(6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Isolates Of Zaire Ebolavirus From Wild Apes Reveal Genetic Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolates of Zaire ebolavirus from wild apes reveal genetic lineage and recombinants

Wittmann

Biek

Hassanin

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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108

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Over the last 30 years, Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV), a virus highly pathogenic for humans and wild apes, has emerged repeatedly in Central Africa. Thus far, only a few virus isolates have been characterized genetically, all belonging to a single genetic lineage and originating exclusively from infected human patients. Here, we describe the first ZEBOV sequences isolated from great ape carcasses in the Gabon/Congo region that belong to a previously unrecognized genetic lineage. According to our estimates, this lineage, which we also encountered in the two most recent human outbreaks in the Republic of the Congo in 2003 and 2005, diverged from the previously known viruses around the time of the first documented human outbreak in 1976. These results suggest that virus spillover from the reservoir has occurred more than once, as predicted by the multiple emergence hypothesis. However, the young age of both ZEBOV lineages and the spatial and temporal sequence of outbreaks remain at odds with the idea that the virus simply emerged from a long-established and widespread reservoir population. Based on data from two ZEBOV genes, we also demonstrate, within the family Filoviridae , recombination between the two lineages. According to our estimates, this event took place between 1996 and 2001 and gave rise to a group of recombinant viruses that were responsible for a series of outbreaks in 2001–2003. The potential for recombination adds an additional level of complexity to unraveling and potentially controlling the emergence of ZEBOV in humans and wildlife species.

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Section: Isolates Of Zaire Ebolavirus From Wild Apes Reveal Genetic Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolates of Zaire ebolavirus from wild apes reveal genetic lineage and recombinants

Wittmann

Biek

Hassanin

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

108

114

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“…The arcs from a node are labeled with each of the possible values of the feature. Each leaf of the tree is labeled with a class or a probability distribution [8].…”

Section: Analysis Of Ebolavirus With Decision Tree and Apriori Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Ebolavirus with Decision Tree and Apriori algorithm

Go¹,

Lee²,

Yoon³

2014

IJMLC

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Abstract-EbolaVirus, which has high facilities up to 90%, is introduced into the human population through close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected animals. It is mostly occurred in Central and West Africa, near tropical rainforests and their host are bats. In this paper, we analyzed the DNA sequences of 5 Ebolavirus : Bundibugyo Ebolavirus, Reston Ebolavirus, Sudan Ebolavirus, TaiForest Ebolavirus, and Zaire Ebolavirus and investigated the difference between them based on the genus they are involved in. Furthermore, we look for the frequency of the amino acid and find the similarities between the Ebolaviruses.Index Terms-Ebolavirus, bundibugyo ebolavirus, reston ebolavirus, sudan ebolavirus, taiforest ebolavirus, zaire ebolavirus, decision tree, apriori algorithm.

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“…1 EBOV was first discovered in 1976 in central Africa, where regular outbreaks have continued to occur in mostly isolated rural communities. 2,3 The virus' recent emergence in West Africa, 4 beginning in Guinea in December 2013 and spreading into more populated areas of neighboring Sierra Leone, Liberia, and beyond, has claimed more lives than all previous outbreaks combined; showing no sign of abating. 5 Global demand for information from these countries with extremely limited public health resources has highlighted the need for innovative analysis of every bit of data available.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%