The natural history of cardiovascular risk factors in health professionals: 20-year follow-up

Jardim, Thiago Veiga; Sousa, Ana Luíza Lima; Póvoa, Thaís Inácio Rolim; Barroso, Weimar Kunz Sebba; Chinem, Brunela; Jardim, Luciana Muniz Sanches Siqueira Veiga; Bernardes, Rafaela; Coca, António; Jardim, Paulo César Brandão Veiga

doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2477-8

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As shown in Table , the men in the HPFS were primarily white, reflecting the demographics of male health professionals during the era in which they trained. Mean reported physical activity increased over time, which is consistent with previous studies of the long‐term physical activity among health professionals …”

Section: Illustrative Examplesupporting

confidence: 90%

There is no impact of exposure measurement error on latency estimation in linear models

Peskoe

Spiegelman

Wang

2018

Statistics in Medicine

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Identification of the latency period for the effect of a time-varying exposure is key when assessing many environmental, nutritional, and behavioral risk factors. A pre-specified exposure metric involving an unknown latency parameter is often used in the statistical model for the exposure-disease relationship. Likelihood-based methods have been developed to estimate this latency parameter for generalized linear models but do not exist for scenarios where the exposure is measured with error, as is usually the case. Here, we explore the performance of naive estimators for both the latency parameter and the regression coefficients, which ignore exposure measurement error, assuming a linear measurement error model. We prove that, in many scenarios under this general measurement error setting, the least squares estimator for the latency parameter remains consistent, while the regression coefficient estimates are inconsistent as has previously been found in standard measurement error models where the primary disease model does not involve a latency parameter. Conditions under which this result holds are generalized to a wide class of covariance structures and mean functions. The findings are illustrated in a study of body mass index in relation to physical activity in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study.

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Section: Illustrative Examplesupporting

confidence: 90%

There is no impact of exposure measurement error on latency estimation in linear models

Peskoe

Spiegelman

Wang

2018

Statistics in Medicine

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“…Another difference found was the higher prevalence of overweight in students from public schools. Considering the increased risk of cardiovascular abnormalities related to long-term exposure to excessive adiposity[ 34 ] and the strong correlation of overweight in younger ages with older ages[ 7 ] it is strongly recommended to implement interventions to change this reality even before adolescence with a particularly attention to students from public schools.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adolescence is a transition stage between childhood and adulthood and is an important phase of development of future lifestyle behaviours[ 6 ]. Cardiovascular risk factor prevalence in youth and adult life are highly correlated[ 7 ]. Further, there is a positive relation between number of cardiovascular risk factors and severity of atherosclerosis, even in children and young adults[ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, there is a positive relation between number of cardiovascular risk factors and severity of atherosclerosis, even in children and young adults[ 8 ]. Therefore, a better comprehension of both presence and number of multiple risk factors in young people can significantly contribute to actions that may modify their natural history and prevent CVD onset[ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents from a middle-income country: Prevalence and associated factors

et al. 2018

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Multiple cardiovascular risk factors are directly related to the severity of atherosclerosis, even in children and adolescents. In this context accurate assessment of risk factors at the individual level play a decisive role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, the frequency of their coexistence in individuals, and identify possible determinants associated with this coexistence in Brazilian adolescents. A cross-sectional study with 1170 students (12–17 years) from public and private schools of a large city was conducted. In addition to family history, modifiable cardiovascular risk factors were assessed including: tobacco use, alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, overweight/obesity, increased waist circumference, and high blood pressure (office and home). We built a linear regression model to identify determinants associated with increasing number of modifiable risk factors. Mean study population age was 14.7±1.6 years, 67% were enrolled in public schools and 33% in private ones. The majority of the adolescents had at least two risk factors (68.9%), more than 10% had more than 4 risk factors, and in only 6.7% of the sample no risk factor was identified. Family history of CVD (β-coefficient = 1.20; 95%CI 1.07–1.34; p<0.001), increasing age (β-coefficient = 0.08; 95%CI 0.04–0.11; p<0.001), and being enrolled in private schools (β-coefficient = 0.16; 95%CI 0.02–0.30; p = 0.023) were directly associated with the modifiable CV risk factors. In conclusion, the prevalence of multiple cardiovascular risk factors was high in the population of adolescents studied. School based interventions should be addressed to change this scenario.

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“…W perspektywie kolejnych lat, ze względu na proces starzenia się społeczeństwa, należy się spodziewać wzrostu częstości występowania czynników ryzyka miażdżycy. Nawet u osób związanych ze służbą zdrowia, a więc posiadających wiedzę dotyczącą czynników ryzyka miażdżycy, w miarę upływu lat zaobserwowano wzrost wartości ciśnienia tętniczego krwi, stężenia cholesterolu i glukozy w surowicy krwi oraz wskaźnika masy ciała (BMI, body mass index) [6].…”

Section: Wstępunclassified

Skojarzone leczenie nadciśnienia tętniczego i hipercholesterolemii: inhibitor konwertazy angiotensyny, antagonista wapnia i statyna — wygoda stosowania, bezpieczeństwo, skuteczność

Starzyk

Wożakowska−Kapłon

2016

Folia Cardiologica

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Nadciśnienie tętnicze i hipercholesterolemia stanowią najczęstsze czynniki ryzyka miażdżycy w polskiej populacji. Hipercholesterolemia występuje aż u około 2/3 dorosłych Polaków, natomiast nadciśnienie tętnicze jest najczęstszym schorzeniem kardiologicznym, dotykającym 1/3 populacji dorosłych Polaków, pojawiającym się szczególnie często u osób po 50. roku życia. Zarówno nadciśnienie tętnicze, jak i hipercholesterolemia są słabo kontrolowane u polskich pacjentów. Aby poprawić skuteczność terapii i obniżyć ryzyko sercowo-naczyniowe (CV) pacjenta, a jednocześnie ograniczyć efekt słabej współpracy lekarza i pacjenta, należy rozważyć leki złożone (połączenie leków hipotensyjnych i statyny) w terapii czynników ryzyka miażdżycy, w których samowolna modyfikacja dawek składowych preparatu nie jest możliwa. Celem leczenia hipolipemizującego, z zastosowaniem statyn, jest osiąganie docelowego dla danej populacji stężenia cholesterolu frakcji LDL. Większość pacjentów leczonych z powodu nadciśnienia tętniczego wymaga zastosowania 2 lub więcej leków, aby osiągnąć prawidłową kontrolę ciśnienia tętniczego krwi, czyli poniżej 140/90 mm Hg. Zastosowanie preparatów złożonych, dzięki redukcji częstości występowania działań niepożądanych, poprawie tolerancji przez chorego i polepszeniu komfortu życia, przyczynia się do przestrzegania zaleceń lekarskich. Rodzaj leczenia hipotensyjnego ma znaczenie, ponieważ na przykład w badaniu ASCOT, dzięki połączeniu atorwastatyny z perindoprilem i amlodipiną, zredukowano ryzyko CV o 53%, a po jej dodaniu do atenololu i diuretyku tiazydowego jedynie o 16%. Zarówno nadciśnienie tętnicze, jak i hipercholesterolemia prowadzą do uszkodzenia funkcji śródbłonka oraz zwiększonej oporności na insulinę i w ten sposób sumują niekorzystny wpływ w procesie rozwoju miażdżycy tętnic. W terapii nadciśnienia tętniczego i hipercholesterolemii preparaty złożone pozytywnie wpływają na poprawę kontroli wartości ciśnienia tętniczego i przestrzeganie zaleceń lekarskich.

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The natural history of cardiovascular risk factors in health professionals: 20-year follow-up

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

There is no impact of exposure measurement error on latency estimation in linear models

There is no impact of exposure measurement error on latency estimation in linear models

Multiple cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents from a middle-income country: Prevalence and associated factors

Skojarzone leczenie nadciśnienia tętniczego i hipercholesterolemii: inhibitor konwertazy angiotensyny, antagonista wapnia i statyna — wygoda stosowania, bezpieczeństwo, skuteczność

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