The Natural History of Alcoholic Chronic Pancreatitis.

Ammann, Rudolf W.

doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.40.368

Cited by 76 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The exact series of events that ultimately result in chronic pancreatitis are not known. Despite this fact, it is generally thought that chronic pancreatitis has an early stage that is characterized by recurrent attacks of acute pancreatitis, and a late stage associated with pancreatic insufficiency, steatorrhea, diabetes, pancreatic calcification, and fibrosis [12] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcoholic pancreatitis: New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment

Clemens

Schneider

Arkfeld

et al. 2016

WJGP

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Acute pancreatitis is a necro-inflammatory disease of the exocrine pancreas that is characterized by inappropriate activation of zymogens, infiltration of the pancreas by inflammatory cells, and destruction of the pancreatic exocrine cells. Acute pancreatitis can progress to a severe life-threatening disease. Currently there is no pharmacotherapy to prevent or treat acute pancreatitis. One of the more common factors associated with acute pancreatitis is alcohol abuse. Although commonly associated with pancreatitis alcohol alone is unable to cause pancreatitis. Instead, it appears that alcohol and its metabolic by-products predispose the pancreas to damage from agents that normally do not cause pancreatitis, or to more severe disease from agents that normally cause mild pancreatic damage. Over the last 10 to 20 years, a tremendous amount of work has defined a number of alcohol-mediated biochemical changes in pancreatic cells. Among these changes are: Sustained levels of intracellular calcium, activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, endoplasmic reticulum stress, impairment in autophagy, alteration in the activity of transcriptional activators, and colocalization of lysosomal and pancreatic digestive enzymes. Elucidation of these changes has led to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which ethanol predisposes acinar cells to damage. This greater understanding has revealed a number of promising targets for therapeutic intervention. It is hoped that further investigation of these targets will lead to the development of pharmacotherapy that is effective in treating and preventing the progression of acute pancreatitis. Core tip: There is currently no specific pharmacotherapy for pancreatitis. Although ethanol abuse is commonly associated with both acute and chronic pancreatitis, ethanol does not itself cause pancreatitis. Instead it appears that ethanol and its metabolic by-products sensitize the pancreas to damage from other factors. Detailed understanding of the mechanisms by which ethanol sensitizes the pancreas to damage has identified a number of promising targets for therapy. It is hoped that further preclinical and clinical studies will lead to the development of successful treatment of both acute and chronic pancreatitis. REVIEWClemens DL, Schneider KJ, Arkfeld CK, Grode JR, Wells MA, Singh S. Alcoholic pancreatitis: New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcoholic pancreatitis: New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment

Clemens

Schneider

Arkfeld

et al. 2016

WJGP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It may develop in association with alcohol abuse, smoking, gene mutations, autoimmune syndromes, metabolic disturbances, environmental conditions and anatomical abnormalities. [1][2][3] Chronic pancreatitis is a rare disease that affects from 7 to 10 persons/ 100 000 per year. 4 The largest numbers of patients are found in industrialized countries and approximately 80% of them are alcoholics.…”

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confidence: 99%