The natural anticoagulant protein S is decreased in male smokers

Scott, Brook D.; Esmon, Charles T.

doi:10.1016/0002-8703(91)90761-6

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The habit of smoking was more prevalent among group I members. In a recent article, Scott et al 23 showed a decrease of protein S in smoking men and suggested that this might explain the thrombotic complications associated with this habit.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 In our study, approximately half of group I had a potentially emboligenous cardiac abnormality, detected by echocardiography. 23 Possibly, the association of minor risk factors in the presence of prothrombotic states may elevate the risk of a cerebral infarct. An example of this is the case reported by Wallis and Godwin, 26 that of a 21-year-old woman with cerebral ischemia associated with protein S deficiency, cigarette smoking, use of oral contraceptives, and mitral valve prolapse.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prothrombotic states in young people with idiopathic stroke. A prospective study.

Barinagarrementería

Cantú-Brito

Peña

et al. 1994

Stroke

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Purpose Although 4% of cerebral infarcts in the young can be attributed to hematologic disturbances that predispose to thrombosis, the frequency of cerebral infarcts caused by prothrombotic states is not known. Recently, the association between cerebral infarction and deficiencies of elements of the natural anticoagulant system has been recognized.Methods Thirty-six consecutive patients under 40 years of age with cerebral infarction of undetermined cause were prospectively studied. Quantitation of natural anticoagulants was done at least 3 months after the cerebral infarction. The following activity tests were performed, all by the chromogenic method: antithrombin III, protein C, plasminogen, tissue plasminogen activator, and inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator. Protein S was quantified by the Laurell rocket method. All patients underwent a complete cardiological examination, including two-dimensional echocardiography, as well as four-vessel cerebral angiography. Some patients were also studied by transesophageal echocardiography.Results Of 36 patients, 17 were male, with a mean age of 28 years. Mean age for women was 25 years. Nine patients (25%;

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prothrombotic states in young people with idiopathic stroke. A prospective study.

Barinagarrementería

Cantú-Brito

Peña

et al. 1994

Stroke

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…levels below this range become clinically significant is not clear. Further interpretive problems may arise from variation in AT I11 as a result of influential demographic factors such as age, sex, hormonal status and smoking habit, some of which have been shown to affect other natural anticoagulants including protein C (Miletich et al, 1987;Malm et nl, 1988), protein S (Boerger et u2, 1987: Malm et a2, 1988Scott et al 1991) and plasminogen (Jespersen & Kluft. 1982).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of demographic factors on antithrombin III activity in a healthy population

et al. 1993

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Antithrombin III (AT III) activity has been measured in 9669 healthy blood donors (5525 male and 4144 female). The distribution of AT III is approximately 'normal' with mean 105.6 IU/dl and standard deviation 11.2; however, definite age and sex related variations are evident. Pre-menopausal females have lower mean AT III compared to their male contemporaries who have remarkably stable mean AT III until 45 years, after which there is a gradual decline. In contrast, post-menopausal females have higher mean AT III than both males of the same age and younger pre-menopausal females. Concurrent hormone replacement therapy inhibits this rise. The use of hormonal preparations is associated with a 4 IU/dl reduction of mean AT III in younger females but not in those over 30 years. Smoking may result in a mild increase in AT III of doubtful clinical significance. On-going genetic and family studies are expected to predict a prevalence rate of congenital AT III deficiency in excess of the previously reported figure of 0.02%. The authors consider these observed variations as minor and recommend the use of a single reference range for AT III activity, but that particular care be taken when interpreting results in pill-taking females and the elderly.

show abstract

“…Few studies have shown the role of smoking as a contributing factor for acquired PC and PS deficiency [17,18], and many studies have shown that any inherited or acquired defect in the PC pathway contributes to the hypercoagulable state in human circulation due to the important role of PC as an anticoagulant [21,22,23]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scott et al [18] indicated in another study in the USA on male smokers (n = 24) that smokers have significantly lower FPS antigen levels (6.9 ± 2.3 µg/ml) compared with non-smokers (8.0 ± 1.9 µg/ml), and these alterations in PS may contribute to the thrombotic complications associated with smoking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Plasma Levels of Natural Anticoagulants (Protein C and Protein S) among Jordanian Smokers and Non-Smokers

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Protein C (PC) with its cofactor free protein S (FPS) are important anticoagulants. Any defect in the PC system is a risk factor for venous thrombosis. Aims: To assess the effect of intensity of smoking, and the dose-response for the number of cigarettes smoked on PC and FPS plasma levels. Methods: A comparative study was designed and carried out on a convenient sample of 50 healthy non-smokers and 150 non-symptomatic Jordanian male smokers. PC and FPS levels were measured using an automated system (Stago Analyzer, USA). Results: The plasma level of PC among smokers was 7.2% lower than that among non-smokers (p = 0.02). Moreover, smokers had 15.6% lower circulating FPS than non-smokers (p = 0.001). Furthermore, data showed significant negative correlations between both PC and FPS levels and the intensity of smoking (r = –0.21%, r = –0.23%, respectively; p = 0.01) and the period of smoking (r = –0.15%, r = –0.23%, respectively; p = 0.01, 0.12, respectively). Conclusions: The PC and FPS plasma levels were significantly lower in smokers than non-smokers. Both PC and FPS levels correlated inversely with the period and intensity of smoking, and FPS was more sensitive to smoking than PC.

show abstract

The natural anticoagulant protein S is decreased in male smokers

Cited by 18 publications

References 38 publications

Prothrombotic states in young people with idiopathic stroke. A prospective study.

Prothrombotic states in young people with idiopathic stroke. A prospective study.

Influence of demographic factors on antithrombin III activity in a healthy population

Comparison of Plasma Levels of Natural Anticoagulants (Protein C and Protein S) among Jordanian Smokers and Non-Smokers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About