The Nation舗s water pollution problem舒Detergent舗s role in it

Abstract

Eight sage (Salvia officinalis) and twenty‐four rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extracts, originating from pilot‐plant or commercial sources, had different antioxidative activities as measured by accelerated autoxidation of methyl linoleate. Twenty‐seven compounds were characterized in the Labiatae family extracts by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with mass spectrometry, equipped with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface, and by HPLC coupled with a photodiode array spectrophotometer. Twenty‐two compounds were identified, including phenolic acids, carnosol derivatives, and flavonoids. The extracts showed great variation in their HPLC profiles, and no correlation was apparent between their antioxidative efficiency and their composition, in twenty specific phenols. Data indicated that the most effective compounds were carnosol, rosmarinic acid, and carnosic acid, followed by caffeic acid, rosmanol, rosmadial, genkwanin, and cirsimaritin.

Modeling the Crystal Morphology of Alkali-Metal Alkyl Surfactants: Sodium and Rubidium Dodecyl Sulfates

“…Being able to successfully predict the shape of surfactant crystals from their root molecular and crystal structure can help in the control and manipulation of quantity, size distribution, and shape of crystallites. − This can have concomitant impact downstream on product performance, providing an important resource for the design of improved surfactant-based products, for example yielding superior physicochemical and/or materials properties for home and personal care products. While a range of growth environmental factors, such as solvent and additives, may affect the morphology of a crystal, the basic morphological forms can be predicted from the materials bulk crystallographic structure.…”

Crystallisation of sodium dodecyl sulphate from aqueous solution: phase identification, crystal morphology, surface chemistry and kinetic interface roughening

“…An understanding of surfactant crystallisation mechanisms can help in the control and manipulation of quantity, size distribution and shape of crystallites [1][2][3]. This, in turn, can aid the design of improved surfactant-based products, for example those used in home care and personal care products.…”

Identification and Removal of Herbicides and Pesticides

“…In the words of Morris Cohn, "We know we must worry about Rachel Carson poIl u tants." 1 On the lower Mississippi River, about 175,000 fresh-water and 5,000,-000 salt water fish died during the winter of 1963-64. This trouble was followed in the spring by another fish kill incident on the Missouri River.…”