The National Rise in Residential Segregation

Logan, Trevon D.; Parman, John

doi:10.1017/s0022050717000079

Cited by 144 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This process has had long-lasting economic and health implications for Blacks [22][23][24][25]. For example, racial and ethnic segregation is reported at higher rates between Black and Whites, followed by between Whites, Latinos, and Asians [30,[54][55][56][57][58]. Despite shifts in segregation, Blacks across all socioeconomic groups still live in more highly segregated areas compared to Whites and other racial/ethnic groups [30,[56][57][58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, racial and ethnic segregation is reported at higher rates between Black and Whites, followed by between Whites, Latinos, and Asians [30,[54][55][56][57][58]. Despite shifts in segregation, Blacks across all socioeconomic groups still live in more highly segregated areas compared to Whites and other racial/ethnic groups [30,[56][57][58]. There are strong links between racial and income segregation and adverse birth outcomes among Black women, with relatively few articles examining the asso ciation between the intersection of racial and income segregation [11-13, 34, 59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Index of Concentration at the Extremes as Indicators of Structural Racism to Evaluate the Association with Preterm Birth and Infant Mortality—California, 2011–2012

et al. 2018

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Disparities in adverse birth outcomes for Black women continue. Research suggests that societal factors such as structural racism explain more variation in adverse birth outcomes than individual-level factors and societal poverty alone. The Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) measures spatial social polarization by quantifying extremes of deprived and privileged social groups using a single metric and has been shown to partially explain racial disparities in black carbon exposures, mortality, fatal and non-fatal assaults, and adverse birth outcomes such as preterm birth and infant mortality. The objective of this analysis was to assess if local measures of racial and economic segregation as proxies for structural racism are associated and preterm birth and infant mortality experienced by Black women residing in California. California birth cohort files were merged with the American Community Survey by zip code (2011-2012). The ICE was used to quantify privileged and deprived groups (i.e., Black vs. White; high income vs. low income; Black low income vs. White high income) by zip code. ICE scores range from - 1 (deprived) to 1 (privileged). ICE scores were categorized into five quintiles based on sample distributions of these measures: quintile 1 (least privileged)-quintile 5 (most privileged). Generalized linear mixed models were used to test the likelihood that ICE measures were associated with preterm birth or with infant mortality experienced by Black women residing in California. Black women were most likely to reside in zip codes with greater extreme income concentrations, and moderate extreme race and race + income concentrations. Bivariate analysis revealed that greater extreme income, race, and race + income concentrations increased the odds of preterm birth and infant mortality. For example, women residing in least privileged zip codes (quintile 1) were significantly more likely to experience preterm birth (race + income ICE OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.72-1.46) and infant mortality (race + income ICE OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.17-2.47) compared to women living in the most privileged zip codes (quintile 5). Adjusting for maternal characteristics, income, race, and race + income concentrations remained negatively associated with preterm birth. However, only race and race + income concentrations remained associated with infant mortality. Findings support that ICE is a promising measure of structural racism that can be used to address racial disparities in preterm birth and infant mortality experienced by Black women in California.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Index of Concentration at the Extremes as Indicators of Structural Racism to Evaluate the Association with Preterm Birth and Infant Mortality—California, 2011–2012

et al. 2018

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“…The restricted version of the complete count census database includes full information on names, allowing simple measures of kin propinquity based on an egocentric isonymic matching approach (Minnesota Population Center and Ancestry.com 2013; Ruggles et al 2020). This approach is similar to propinquity methods used to measure kinship (Smith 1989) and segregation (Grigoryeva and Ruef 2015;Logan and Parman 2017). Due to changing surnames after marriage for women, we can only capture patrilineal links for ever-married women, and kin propinquity links are significantly understated for women (Ruggles 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The decline of patrilineal kin propinquity in the United States, 1790–1940

Nelson¹

2020

DemRes

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BACKGROUND Historical change in the availability of kin beyond the household has long interested scholars, but there has been little comparable evidence on long-run change. While generally accepted that individuals lived near kin historically, no systematic measures have been available to assess historical kin propinquity at the national level. METHODS With the release of historical complete count United States census data from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS), a robust estimate of patrilineal kin propinquity for the United States nationally from 1790 to 1940 is calculated. Defined as the probability of non-random isonymy within an enumeration district, the estimate of patrilineal kin propinquity relies on the sequential ordering of households in the census. RESULTS The United States experienced a long-run decline in patrilineal kin propinquity from nearly 50% of households in 1790 to 17% of households in 1940. The age patterns of kin propinquity show substantial variation across the life course, and regional differences demonstrate the impact of economic and demographic conditions. The decline in kin propinquity reflected urbanization and the decline of agriculture, declining kin availability, growing distance between potential kin links, and a change in preferences of living near kin. CONTRIBUTION This is the first study to produce a systematic estimate of patrilineal kin propinquity at the national level for the United States between 1790 and 1940. Researchers can use this meaningful measure of patrilineal kin propinquity to better explain its relationships with other demographic behaviors and outcomes such as fertility, mortality, and migration choices.

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“…a substantial amount of within-district segregation (Grigoryeva and Ruef 2015;Logan and Parman 2017). Using a smaller geographical scale will probably reveal a more augmented level of racial segregation than what we observed, particularly in places like Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, where nonwhite and white neighborhoods abut each other, as illustrated in Figure 4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Residential Segregation by Skin Color: Brazil Revisited

Valente

Berry

2020

Lat. American Res. Rev.

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This article examines residential segregation by skin color in forty of the largest metropolitan areas in Brazil, using census tract data from the 2010 Brazilian census. Residential dissimilarity among whites, browns, and blacks is moderate to low by US standards, and residential segregation correlates positively with socioeconomic status. By contrasting our findings with results from the 1980 Brazilian census, we observe that in thirty years, residential segregation decreased significantly in many metropolitan areas, particularly white-brown and brown-black dissimilarities. We speculate as to why these changes should have occurred. Este artigo examina a segregação residencial por raça em quarenta das maiores áreas metropolitanas do Brasil, usando dados do setor censitário do censo Brasileiro de 2010. A dissimilaridade residencial entre brancos, pardos e negros é moderada a baixa pelos padrões dos EUA, e a segregação residencial se correlaciona positivamente com o status socioeconômico. Ao contrastar nossos resultados com o do censo Brasileiro de 1980, observamos que, em trinta anos, a segregação residencial diminuiu significativamente em muitas áreas metropolitanas, particularmente nas dissimilaridades branco-pardo e pardo-negro. Especulamos os motivos pela qual essas mudanças ocorreram.

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The National Rise in Residential Segregation

Cited by 144 publications

References 52 publications

Using Index of Concentration at the Extremes as Indicators of Structural Racism to Evaluate the Association with Preterm Birth and Infant Mortality—California, 2011–2012

Using Index of Concentration at the Extremes as Indicators of Structural Racism to Evaluate the Association with Preterm Birth and Infant Mortality—California, 2011–2012

The decline of patrilineal kin propinquity in the United States, 1790–1940

Residential Segregation by Skin Color: Brazil Revisited

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