The National Mastitis Council: A Global Organization for Mastitis Control and Milk Quality, 50 Years and Beyond

Middleton, John R.; Saeman, A.I.; Fox, L.K.; Lombard, Jason E.; Hogan, J.S.; Smith, Kenneth L.

doi:10.1007/s10911-014-9328-6

Cited by 49 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Udder health management is important in the maintenance of a healthy and profitable dairy herd (Middleton et al, 2014). Dry cow therapy (DCT) with intramammary antimicrobials has long been recommended as an essential part of udder health management on dairy farms (Dodd et al, 1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of reduced intramammary antimicrobial use during the dry period on udder health in Dutch dairy herds

Vanhoudt

Hees-Huijps²,

Knegsel

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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Dry cow therapy (DCT) in the Netherlands changed from mainly blanket to selective antimicrobial DCT. This transition was supported by a national guideline, with the individual somatic cell count (SCC) at the last milk recording before dry-off as the main selection criterion for antimicrobial DCT. The aim of this retrospective observational study is to evaluate the SCC dynamics during the dry period at the herd and individual dry period level following the national transition from mainly blanket to selective antimicrobial DCT. At the herd level, we used 2 data sets to evaluate the SCC dynamics during the dry period: (1) a national data set containing 3,493 herds with data available from 2011 through 2015 and (2) a veterinary practice data set containing 280 herds with data available from 2013 through 2015. The herd level analysis was carried out using key performance indicators provided via milk recording (CRV, Arnhem, the Netherlands): the percentage of cows that developed a new intramammary infection (IMI) during the dry period and the percentage of cows cured of an IMI during the dry period. The effect of DCT at individual dry period level was analyzed with a mixed-effects logistic regression model based on 4,404 dry periods from 2,638 cows in 20 herds within the veterinary practice data set. For these 20 herds, individual SCC data from milk recordings and individual cow DCT were available from 2013 through 2015. No significant changes were observed to the SCC dynamics during the dry period at the herd level. The percentage of cows that developed a new IMI during the dry period ranged between 16 and 18%, and the percentage of cows cured from an IMI during the dry period ranged between 74 and 76%. At the individual dry period level, a low SCC at the first milk recording following a dry period was associated with the use of intramammary antimicrobial DCT with or without the concurrent use of an intramammary teat sealer [odds ratio (OR) = 2.16 and OR = 2.07, respectively], the use of DCT with an intramammary teat sealer only (OR = 1.35), and a low SCC at the last milk recording before dry-off (OR = 1.78). This study demonstrates that the selection of cows for DCT without antimicrobials based on SCC thresholds at the last milk recording is possible without significant changes to udder health and reduced the use of antimicrobials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of reduced intramammary antimicrobial use during the dry period on udder health in Dutch dairy herds

Vanhoudt

Hees-Huijps²,

Knegsel

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Mastitis, generally defined as inflammatory changes in the mammary gland with an invading microbial agent, has been considered as one of the most prevalent and economically significant diseases in dairy sector worldwide over the last decades (De Oliveira et al, 2000; Bradley, 2002; Halasa et al, 2007; Middleton et al, 2014), which is not only a concern for animal welfare but also a risk for public health as milk is an essential source of human nutrition. Among various mastitis-causing pathogens, gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is one of the most common etiological bacteria (Bradley, 2002) and is also the most prevalent pathogen relevant to human mastitis (Amir et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulation of Innate Immune and Defense Responses of Bovine Mammary Gland to Staphylococcus aureus

Fang

Hou

et al. 2016

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is problematic for lactating mammals and public health. Understanding of mechanisms by which the hosts respond to severe invasion of S. aureus remains elusive. In this study, the genome-wide expression of mRNAs and miRNAs in bovine mammary gland cells were interrogated at 24 h after intra-mammary infection (IMI) with high or low concentrations of S. aureus. Compared to the negative control quarters, 194 highly-confident responsive genes were identified in the quarters with high concentration (109 cfu/mL) of S. aureus, which were predominantly implicated in pathways and biological processes pertaining to innate immune system, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and inflammatory response. In contrast, only 21 highly-confident genes were significantly differentially expressed in face of low concentration (106 cfu/mL) of S. aureus, which slightly perturbed the cell signaling and invoked corresponding responses like vasoconstriction, indicating limited perturbations and immunological evading. Additionally, the significant up-regulations of bta-mir-223 and bta-mir-21-3p were observed in the quarters infected by high concentration of S. aureus. Network analysis suggested that the two miRNAs' pivotal roles in defending hosts against bacterial infection probably through inhibiting CXCL14 and KIT. The significant down-regulation of CXCL14 was also observed in bovine mammary epithelial cells at 24 h post-infection of S. aureus (108 cfu/mL) in vitro. Integrated analysis with QTL database further suggested 28 genes (e.g., CXCL14, KIT, and SLC4A11) as candidates of bovine mastitis. This study first systematically revealed transcriptional and post-transcriptional responses of bovine mammary gland cells to invading S. aureus in a dosage-dependent pattern, and highlighted a complicated responsive mechanism in a network of miRNA-gene-pathway interplay.

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“…A total number of 364 Holstein cows naturally affected by acute clinical mastitis were examined at the onset of disease and milk samples were collected from the affected quarter(s) according to the NMC guidelines and standards [15] into sterilized culture tubes and were submitted for bacterial culture before initial treatment to the Tabriz University Microbiology Lab. Among the 364 cow with clinical mastitis, 100cows after laboratory confirmation of acute form of E. coli mastitis, were selected and remainders (264 cases) with other miscellaneous causes of clinical mastitis (such as streptococcus agalactiae, staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and etc.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Two Different Protocols for the Treatment of Acute Escherichia coli Mastitis in Dairy Cattle

2017

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E-coli mastitis is one of the most frequent causes of environmental mastitis in the dairy cattle worldwide. The purpose of this field study was to compare the efficacy of ceftiofur (HCL) in conjunction with supportive measures versus supportive measures alone for treatment of dairy cows affected with naturally occurring acute form of E. coli mastitis. From January 2014 to December 2016 a total number of 100 cows naturally affected by acute E-coli mastitis randomly were allocated into two groups. A milk sample from the affected quarter was collected for bacteriological tests on the first day of treatment. In group A (control), fifty cows received ceftiofur (HCL) 1mg/5kg/BW, flunixin meglumine 2.2mg/kg, calcium borogluconate 40%, 250ml and hypertonic saline (Nacl 7.2 %,) 5ml/kg. In group B (treatment, n=50), cows received the same drugs mentioned for group A, except ceftiofur (HCL) which replaced by placebo. In the group A, 41cows (82%) and in the group B, 2 cows (4%) were survived respectively. The rates of quarter health recovery in the groups A and B were 31.7% and 0% respectively. The differences between two groups were significant (P≤0.01).In conclusion our results indicated that treatment of cows affected with naturally occurring acute form of E. coli mastitis without application of effective antibiotic(s) such as ceftiofur (HCL) and fluid therapy almost impossible.

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The National Mastitis Council: A Global Organization for Mastitis Control and Milk Quality, 50 Years and Beyond

Cited by 49 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of reduced intramammary antimicrobial use during the dry period on udder health in Dutch dairy herds

Effects of reduced intramammary antimicrobial use during the dry period on udder health in Dutch dairy herds

Genome-Wide Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulation of Innate Immune and Defense Responses of Bovine Mammary Gland to Staphylococcus aureus

Comparison of Two Different Protocols for the Treatment of Acute Escherichia coli Mastitis in Dairy Cattle

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