The National Jockey Injury Study

Press, Joel M.; Davis, Patricia D.; Wiesner, Steven L.; Heinemann, Allen W.; Semik, Patrick; Addison, Robert G.

doi:10.1097/00042752-199510000-00005

Cited by 52 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The workload of the relatively small group of jockeys in the high workload cohort was higher than that of the majority of jockeys, and this bias is similar to findings in Australia and the USA [8,16]. However, the workload of these New Zealand jockeys, riding competitively twice weekly, was less than that qualitatively reported for Britain [10,17,18].…”

Section: High Workload Cohort Jockeyssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The amount of external work performed by jockeys varies with the number of races ridden per race day and race days per season. Jockeys in the United States (USA) reported an average of 4.6 ± 1.7 rides per day and approximately 650 rides per year [16]. Similarly, flat racing jockeys in Britain are qualitatively reported to compete in up to 5-7 races per day, up to 7 days a week with no defined off season [10,17,18].…”

Section: Of 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The External Workload of Thoroughbred Horse Racing Jockeys

et al. 2020

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The objectives of this study were to quantify the external workload of thoroughbred racing jockeys in relation to their experience and racing performance. The number of rides of 786 jockeys and apprentices who rode in 407,948 flat and 13,648 jumps racing starts over 14 seasons were examined. Jockey work (ride numbers, seasons riding) and performance characteristics (race falls or wins) between cohorts with low (1–10), middle (10–200) and high (>200) numbers of rides per season were compared. Flat racing apprentices had more rides per season (25, interquartile range [IQR] 7–97 vs. 14, IQR 3–222, p < 0.001) but fewer rides per race day (2, IQR 1–4 vs. 4, IQR 2–6, p < 0.001) than flat racing jockeys. Flat racing jockeys in the high workload cohort (23%) were responsible for 83% of the race-day rides, riding in a median of 375 (IQR 283–520) races per season. These jockeys had half the fall rate (Incidence rate [IR] 1.0, 95% CI 0.9–1.1) and 1.4 times the success rates per 1000 rides (IR 98, 95% CI 97–99) than jockeys in the low and middle workload cohorts (p < 0.05). Most jockeys had light workloads, greater risk of injury and lower winning rates than the smaller cohort of jockeys with heavier workloads. This disparity in opportunity and success between cohorts indicates inefficiencies within the industry in recruitment and retention of jockeys. These data provide a foundation to further studies investigating jockey competition-specific fitness and its effect on both riding success and reducing injury risk.

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Section: High Workload Cohort Jockeyssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Of 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

The External Workload of Thoroughbred Horse Racing Jockeys

et al. 2020

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“…Our study showed that a higher level of equestrian proficiency and an equestrian diploma were significant factors in avoiding injuries [25,11]. We observed an even lower injury rate for equestrians with more than only one diploma in horse riding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Protective and risk factors in amateur equestrians and description of injury patterns: A retrospective data analysis and a case - control survey

Hasler

Gyssler

Benneker

et al. 2011

J Trauma Manage Outcomes

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BackgroundIn Switzerland there are about 150,000 equestrians. Horse related injuries, including head and spinal injuries, are frequently treated at our level I trauma centre.ObjectivesTo analyse injury patterns, protective factors, and risk factors related to horse riding, and to define groups of safer riders and those at greater riskMethodsWe present a retrospective and a case-control survey at conducted a tertiary trauma centre in Bern, Switzerland.Injured equestrians from July 2000 - June 2006 were retrospectively classified by injury pattern and neurological symptoms. Injured equestrians from July-December 2008 were prospectively collected using a questionnaire with 17 variables. The same questionnaire was applied in non-injured controls. Multiple logistic regression was performed, and combined risk factors were calculated using inference trees.ResultsRetrospective surveyA total of 528 injuries occured in 365 patients. The injury pattern revealed as follows: extremities (32%: upper 17%, lower 15%), head (24%), spine (14%), thorax (9%), face (9%), pelvis (7%) and abdomen (2%). Two injuries were fatal. One case resulted in quadriplegia, one in paraplegia.Case-control survey61 patients and 102 controls (patients: 72% female, 28% male; controls: 63% female, 37% male) were included. Falls were most frequent (65%), followed by horse kicks (19%) and horse bites (2%). Variables statistically significant for the controls were: Older age (p = 0.015), male gender (p = 0.04) and holding a diploma in horse riding (p = 0.004). Inference trees revealed typical groups less and more likely to suffer injury.ConclusionsExperience with riding and having passed a diploma in horse riding seem to be protective factors. Educational levels and injury risk should be graded within an educational level-injury risk index.

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“…In New Zealand, Australia and Ireland, jockeys ride in one to eight races a day, in two to four race days a week, with no off-season [6][7][8]. In the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (USA) a jockeys' workload can be greater, with races occurring up to 7 days a week [1,9]. Jockeys have the added risk of falling from the horse, with incidence rates (per 1000 starts) of 1.2 for flat and 53-100 for jumps racing [10], increasing the potential for injury and confidence loss for jockeys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the careers of thoroughbred racehorses have been extensively studied [11][12][13], little is known about the career prospects of the jockeys that ride them. Retrospective questionnaires answered by current professional jockeys in USA, Korea, Ireland and Australia indicate that jockey career lengths are 10.9-15.9 years [6,14,15], with a strongly skewed distribution toward the lower end of the scale [8,9]. However, these findings may be biased upwards because the studies only targeted jockeys who were found at the racetrack at the time of questioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jockey Career Length and Risk Factors for Loss from Thoroughbred Race Riding

et al. 2020

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Professional thoroughbred racing jockeys repeatedly work close to physiological capacity during races, whilst maintaining low body weights, on a daily basis with no off-season. The effects of this on their career length is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the career lengths and reasons for loss from the industry of 674 jockeys and apprentices who rode over 14 racing seasons and 421,596 race day starts in New Zealand. Descriptors were compared between jockeys in short (1–2 years), middle (3–9 years) and long (>10 years) career cohorts with descriptive statistics and Kaplan–Meier survival curves. The median career length for jockeys was 2 years (IQR 1–6). Long career cohort jockeys (11%) had lower carried weights (IQR 56–57 kg, p = 0.03), 40 times the median number of rides per season (248, IQR 61–434, p < 0.001), half the rate per 1000 rides of falling (1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.2, p = 0.009) and 1.3 times the rate of winning (100, 95% CI 99–101, p < 0.01) than jockeys in the short career cohort. Jockeys who rode over 200 races per season had careers three times longer than jockeys with fewer races per season (p < 0.001). Half of the 40% of jockeys who failed to complete their apprenticeship were lost from the industry in their first year of race riding. In conclusion, most jockeys had short careers where the workload of a jockey and their ability to obtain rides had greater impact on career longevity than their performance.

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The National Jockey Injury Study

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

The External Workload of Thoroughbred Horse Racing Jockeys

The External Workload of Thoroughbred Horse Racing Jockeys

Protective and risk factors in amateur equestrians and description of injury patterns: A retrospective data analysis and a case - control survey

Jockey Career Length and Risk Factors for Loss from Thoroughbred Race Riding

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