The National Center for Health Statistics reference and the growth of Indian adolescent boys

Onís, Mercedes de; Dasgupta, Parasmani; Saha, Syamal; Sengupta, Debasis; Blössner, Monika

doi:10.1093/ajcn/74.2.248

Cited by 64 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Compared with a median menarcheal age of 14.16 y in Beijing girls in 1962, using probit analysis again (Ye et al, 1981), with a mean menarcheal age of 13.1 y in 1995, Beijing girls appear to experience pubertal maturation earlier than 30 y ago. In contrast, using the WHO reference data, De Onis et al (2001) reported a 50.5% prevalence of thinness and a 11.2% prevalence of stunting in 818 Indian boys aged 7 -16 y (both figures being much higher than those from our current study of Chinese girls), and indicated that the reference data seemed inadequate for their study sample of Indian children. Our current study, however, shows a significant difference in growth, maturation and bone mineral parameters by setting the cut-off for low body weight at BMI of 18.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

“…They defined under-nutrition as age-and gender-specific BMI less than the 5th percentile of American adolescents between 1971 and 1974, as recommended by WHO Expert Committee (1995). However, the WHO-recommended BMI cut-off might not be applicable to Asian children and adolescents, given differences in race and socio-economic conditions (Chang et al, 1994;Daniels et al, 1997;Luciano et al, 1997;Schaefer et al, 1998;De Onis et al, 2001). Furthermore, no evidence of impaired health was provided to support the selection of BMI 5th percentile as the cut-off between under-nutrition and acceptable nutrition in the report by Wang et al (1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low body weight and its association with bone health and pubertal maturation in Chinese girls

Greenfield

Fraser

et al. 2003

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To investigate the prevalence of low body weight in Beijing pubertal girls and to establish the cut-off for body mass index (BMI) for underweight for Chinese pubertal girls. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Three socioeconomic areas (rural, suburban and urban) in Beijing, China. Subjects: Random sample of 1214 adolescent girls aged 12 -14 y from 13 middle schools. Results: Using a modified Chinese reference, the rate of low body weight (BMI < 18) was 32.2% (95% CI 29.6 -34.8%). Compared with desirable weight girls (BMI ¼ 18 -21), girls with low body weight had a lower bone age, delayed breast and pubic hair development, a lower rate of menarche, lower distal one-third radius and ulna bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density and bone width. Logistic regression showed that BMI was one of the predictors of one-third ulna BMC after adjustment for confounding variables. When comparing BMI < 18 vs BMI ¼ 18 -21, the risk of BMC being less than the median increased by 82% (odds ratio 1.82, 95% CI 1.06 -3.13). Thinness and stunting rates assessed by WHO recommended cut-offs are also reported. Conclusions: High prevalence of low body weight (BMI < 18) was found to be a major health problem among Beijing pubertal girls. BMI < 18 is confirmed as the cut-off for delayed general growth and development for Chinese girls and for screening girls at risk of lower bone mineral status.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low body weight and its association with bone health and pubertal maturation in Chinese girls

Greenfield

Fraser

et al. 2003

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…The BMI is known to differ between different ethnic groups, especially in the lower ranges and has not been validated as an indicator of malnutrition (De Onis et al, 2001;Deurenberg et al, 2002). In this study, the correlation between skin fold thickness and BMI was weaker in male than in female subject, illustrating that at low values, the fatfree body mass is an important determinant of BMI.…”

Section: Nutritional Status After Malaria Control In Vietnam Lq Hung mentioning

confidence: 55%

“…A marginally nourished population is much different from an industrialised country's reference population. Using the US criteria generally overrates the rate of malnutrition in developing countries (De Onis et al, 2001). This may frustrate statistical analysis by crowding of data in the tail of the distribution curves as well as the mathematical conversion of cutoff points to define desirable body dimensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional status following malaria control in a Vietnamese ethnic minority commune

et al. 2005

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Objective: To study whether control of malaria leads to catch-up growth or an increase of obesity in a marginally nourished population. Setting: A Vietnamese ethnic minority commune in southern Vietnam. Design: Repeated annual anthropometric surveys were performed from 1995 to 2000. Z-scores for height, weight and BMI for age and weight-for-height were determined by using NCHS 1978 and CDC 2000 reference tables and by the LMS method. Intervention: Active malaria control that reduced the parasite carrier rate from 50% in 1994 to practically nil in 1998. Results: Inhabitants were generally of short stature and very thin. Using the US reference tables, the prevalence of moderate/ severe stunting among children was 53/24% and of wasting 27/9% in the first survey in 1995. Physical condition and normal daily activities of most inhabitants were normal. The repeated LMS-Z-scores uncovered a significant recovery of stunting, extending into preadolescence, including the development of a pubertal growth spurt for girls and enhancement of pubertal growth in boys, after control of malaria. The mean (95% CI) annual increase of Z-height-for-age was 0.11 (0.09-0.12) for boys and 0.14 (0.13-0.15) for girls (Po0.001). As a consequence, weight-for-age and BMI Z-scores decreased without indication of developing obesity. Conclusion: Catch-up growth, extending into preadolescent age, was observed in a Vietnamese ethnic minority population with a chronic state of low food intake, without indication of developing obesity. The control of malaria was probably the most significant contribution to this catch-up growth.

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“…The age-specific prevalence of CED was estimated using the 5th percentile of the reference data developed by Must et al (1991a, b) on the basis of the first US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I), and recommended for international use by a World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee Excess male chronic energy deficiency (WHO, 1995). These reference data are also referred to as 'National Center for Health Statistics' (NCHS) growth reference (de Onis et al, 2001), or 'WHO-NCHS' reference data (Wang et al, 2002) that we also referred to in this paper. Recently, NCHS in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), US Department of Health and Human Services, updated the growth charts known as CDC growth charts for use in the US (Kuczmarski et al, 2000).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess male chronic energy deficiency among adolescents: a cross-sectional study in the context of patrilineal and matrilineal societies in Northeast India

Khongsdier

Varte

Mukherjee³

2005

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To determine the sex differences in chronic energy deficiency (CED) among adolescents in the context of patrilineal and matrilineal societies in Northeast India. Design: Cross-sectional, community-based study of the Hmar patrilineal society and the Khasi (War and Khynriam) matrilineal society. Setting: Mizoram and Meghalaya in Northeast India. Subjects: In total, 1733 adolescent boys and girls aged 9-16 y: Khynriam Khasis (n ¼ 1005), War Khasis (n ¼ 305) and Hmars (n ¼ 423). Measurements: Weight, height, and socio-economic characteristics. Body mass index (weight in kg/height in m 2 ) was used for assessing CED relative to the international reference values. Results: The overall prevalence of CED was significantly greater in boys than in girls. The sex differences in the prevalence of CED were 5, 10 and 6% points in the Khynriam Khasis, War Khasis and Hmars, respectively. Allowing for age and socio-economic variables, the risks of CED were about 1.82 (95% CI 1.14-2.90), 1.83 (95% CI 1.19-3.33) and 1.78 (95% CI 1.10-3.25) times greater in boys than in girls among the Khynriam Khasis, War Khasis and Hmars, respectively. Using logistic regression analysis, the prevalence of CED was negatively associated with family income across study populations. No significant association was found between CED and religion. Conclusion: Patrilineal and matrilineal forms of society were not reflected in the prevalence of CED among adolescents. Subject to further studies of the research problems concerning the nutritional status of adolescents, girls fare better than boys with respect to the prevalence of CED.

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The National Center for Health Statistics reference and the growth of Indian adolescent boys

Cited by 64 publications

References 16 publications

Low body weight and its association with bone health and pubertal maturation in Chinese girls

Low body weight and its association with bone health and pubertal maturation in Chinese girls

Nutritional status following malaria control in a Vietnamese ethnic minority commune

Excess male chronic energy deficiency among adolescents: a cross-sectional study in the context of patrilineal and matrilineal societies in Northeast India

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