The National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model: CCM3*

Kiehl, J. T.; Hack, James J.; Bonan, Gordon B.; Boville, Byron A.; Williamson, David L.; Rasch, Philip J.

doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1131:tncfar>2.0.co;2

Cited by 1,042 publications

(698 citation statements)

References 53 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

683

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Further details of these simulations can be found in Seager et al (2005a) [see also Herweijer et al, 2005 andHuang et al, 2005]. The AGCM used is the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Climate Community Model 3 (CCM3) described in detail by Kiehl et al (1998). We focus on the ensemble mean of each experiment-the part of the climate variability that is SST forced.…”

Section: Climate Model Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global footprint of persistent extra‐tropical drought in the instrumental era

Herweijer

Seager

2008

Intl Journal of Climatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The major North American droughts as per instrumental records are shown to be part of a larger, global pattern of low‐frequency drought variability. Drought in western North America during the 1850s–1860s, 1870s, 1890s, 1930s and 1950s, is shown to coincide with the occurrence of prolonged dry spells in parts of Europe, southern South America and western Australia. Tropical land regions are mostly wet during these periods, with the exception of central east Africa, southern India and Sri Lanka, which are dry. The recent 1998–2003 period of drought in western North America reveals a similar global hydroclimatic ‘footprint’ with the exception of a wet southern South America and continued dry conditions in the Sahel. Common to each of the six droughts is the persistence of anomalously cool east central tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs). For the 1998–2003 case, the warming of SSTs everywhere outside of the east central tropical Pacific may be influencing precipitation and masking the influence of persistent precipitation anomalies driven from the tropical Pacific alone. In general, examination of these major historical extra‐tropical droughts reveals a hemispherically and, in the extra‐tropics, a zonally symmetric pattern consistent with forcing from the Tropics.Ensembles of model simulations forced by observed SSTs globally (Global Ocean Global Atmosphere, GOGA) and only within the tropical Pacific (Pacific Ocean Global Atmosphere‐Mixed Layer, POGA‐ML) are both able to capture the global pattern of the persistent extra‐tropical drought regimes since the mid‐nineteenth century. This implies that the recently demonstrated link between SST forcing and drought in North America is in fact only one part of a global hydroclimatic response to the persistence of cool SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific. Indian Ocean SST forcing is required to capture the droughts in central east Africa. Over Europe, the modelled, low‐frequency precipitation signal is unrealistically ENSO dominated, as the model does not faithfully reproduce the observed history of low‐frequency NAO variability. Overall, our results suggest that the global pattern of persistent drought appears to be a low‐frequency version of interannual ENSO‐forced variability. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society

show abstract

Section: Climate Model Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global footprint of persistent extra‐tropical drought in the instrumental era

Herweijer

Seager

2008

Intl Journal of Climatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This truncation translates to a 1.4 ¢ transform grid (£ 150 km near the equator) on which non-linear and parameterized physics terms are evaluated. This reflects a four-fold increase in the number of horizontal degrees of freedom when compared to earlier models (Hack et al 1994;Kiehl et al 1998;Kiehl and Gent 2003). A 22-year 5-member ensemble using observed sea surface temperatures and observed sea ice is used to characterize the mean features of the simulated hydrological cycle in the uncoupled configuration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of the Global Hydrological Cycle in the CCSM Community Atmosphere Model Version 3 (CAM3): Mean Features

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The seasonal and annual climatological behavior of selected components of the hydrological cycle are presented from coupled and uncoupled configurations of the atmospheric component of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM), the Community Atmosphere Model Version 3 (CAM3). The formulations of processes that play a role in the hydrological cycle are significantly more complex when compared with earlier versions of the atmospheric model.Major features of the simulated hydrological cycle will be compared against available observational data, and the strengths and weaknesses will be discussed in the context of the fully-coupled model simulation.

show abstract

“…For example, Buermann et al (2001) reported that the use of satellite LAI reduces the model biases in near-surface air temperature in comparison to observations. The model was NCAR Community Climate Model 3 (Kiehl et al, 1996(Kiehl et al, , 1998. The analysis showed how the use of satellite LAI fields allowed a more realistic partitioning of incoming solar radiation between the canopy and the ground below the canopy, thus resulting in improved model predictions of near-surface climate.…”

Section: Partitioning Of Solar Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the MISR LAI/FPAR product for spatial and temporal coverage, accuracy and consistency

Tan

et al. 2007

Remote Sensing of Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument provides global imagery at nine discrete viewing angles and four visible/nearinfrared spectral bands. MISR standard products include green leaf area index (LAI) of vegetation and fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation (FPAR). This paper describes the research basis for transitioning the MISR LAI/FPAR products from provisional to validation status. The efforts included not only comparisons to field data but also analyses of relationships, consistency and complementarity between various MISR products derived by independent algorithms. For example, we show how the energy absorbed by the ground below vegetation can be estimated from two independent MISR products, FPAR and BHRPAR (bi-hemispheric reflectance at PAR wavelengths). Further, we show that this information can be used to derive at least three measures of canopy structure -Beer's law extinction coefficient, mean leaf inclination and the gap fraction or vegetation ground cover. The spatial and temporal coverage of the LAI/FPAR product is mainly limited by cloud contamination. However, when a successful aerosol retrieval is performed, typically 95% of pixels have surface reflectance retrievals suitable as input to the LAI/FPAR algorithm. The algorithm provides LAI/FPAR retrievals in 50-80% of these pixels with suitable input. The early versions of the algorithm overestimated LAI values in grasses and broadleaf crops. The MISR LAI product from the recalibrated algorithm (version 3.3) is assessed by comparison with field data collected in a 3 × 3 km agricultural area (grasses and cereal crops) near Avignon, France. LAI retrievals in other biomes are compared to MODIS LAI product of known accuracy. The MISR LAI product shows structural and phenological variability in agreement with data. Our results suggest that the product is accurate to within 0.66 LAI in herbaceous vegetation and savannas and is an overestimate by about 1 LAI in broadleaf forests. LAI retrievals over needle leaf forests remain at provisional quality level.

show abstract

The National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model: CCM3*

Cited by 1,042 publications

References 53 publications

The global footprint of persistent extra‐tropical drought in the instrumental era

The global footprint of persistent extra‐tropical drought in the instrumental era

Simulation of the Global Hydrological Cycle in the CCSM Community Atmosphere Model Version 3 (CAM3): Mean Features

Analysis of the MISR LAI/FPAR product for spatial and temporal coverage, accuracy and consistency

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About