The national cancer data base report on patterns of childhood cancers in the United States

Grovas, Alfred; Fremgen, Amy; Rauck, A. M.; Ruymann, Frederick B.; Hutchinson, Carol L.; Winchester, David P.; Menck, Herman R.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19971215)80:12<2321::aid-cncr14>3.0.co;2-w

Cited by 192 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The incidence in the United Kingdom and the United States is ϳ1 in 7000 live births, and there is slight sex predominance in most series with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. The disease accounts for 15% of all childhood cancer deaths, indicating the poor prognosis of many of the tumors (2)(3)(4). Children with stage 1, 2, or 4 s disease, or presenting in the first year of life have a good prognosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of Molecular and Biological Tumor Markers in Neuroblastoma

Riley¹,

Heney

Jones³

et al. 2004

Clinical Cancer Research

182

112

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review, and where possible meta-analyses, of molecular and biological tumor markers described in neuroblastoma, and to establish an evidence-based perspective on their clinical value for the screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of patients.Experimental Design: A well-defined, reproducible search strategy was used to identify the relevant literature from 1966 to February 2000.Results: A total of 428 papers studying the use of 195 different tumor markers in neuroblastoma were identified. Small sample sizes, poor statistical reporting, large heterogeneity across studies (e.g., in cutoff levels), and publication bias limited meta-analysis to the area of prognosis only; MYCN, chromosome 1p, DNA index, vanillylmandelic acid: homovanillic acid ratio, CD44, Trk-A, neuron-specific enolase, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, and multidrug resistance were all identified as potentially important prognostic tools.Conclusions: This systematic review forms a knowledge base of the tumor markers studied thus far in neuroblastoma, and has identified some of the most important prognostic markers, which should be considered in future research and treatment strategies. Importantly, the review has also highlighted some general problems across primary tumor marker studies, in particular poor and heterogeneous reporting. These need to be addressed to allow better clinical interpretation and enable more appropriate evidence-based reviews in the future. In particular, collaboration of cancer research groups is needed to enable bigger sample sizes, standardize methods of analysis and reporting, and facilitate the pooling of individual patient data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, children (Ն1 year of age) with stage 3 and 4 disease have 3-year survival rates of 50% and 15%, respectively. Most children present over the age of 1 year with metastatic (stage 4) disease; this group has an overall survival of 10 -20% (3,4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Molecular and Biological Tumor Markers in Neuroblastoma

Riley¹,

Heney

Jones³

et al. 2004

Clinical Cancer Research

182

112

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“…Malignant ovarian neoplasms account for only 1% of all childhood malignancies. 13 One literature review found no cases of pulmonary embolism occurring from a thrombosed vein. 14 Furthermore, it is reported that adnexal torsion patients underwent detorsion without oophorectomy and there were no patient (n=102) in this study had clinical signs of thromboembolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Somemore, necrotic-appearing ovaries demonstrate follicular activity on sonography weeks after conservative management. 5,13 Furthermore, the rate of malignancy in paediatric cases of ovarian torsion is low (1%). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detorsion of Twisted (Gangrenous) Ovarian Cyst Followed by Complete Disappearance of the Cyst-A Case Report of Innovative Outcome

Sheikh¹,

Ramli²,

Haque³

2015

J YOUNG PHARM

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Adnexal torsion in the pediatric and adolescent population is a rare gynecological disease with an incidence of 2.7%. They are categorized by different clinical presentations and by the need to establish a suitable type and timing of treatment in order to prevent problems, such as ovarian necrosis after torsion and infertility. Ovarian torsion denotes a real surgical emergency. Quick diagnosis is crucial for ovarian salvage, and high clinical notion is imperative in this respect. Confounding the diagnosis in overall are more usually come across abdominal complaints in the Emergency Department (ED) such as constipation, diarrhea, and urinary tract infections and more common surgical emergencies such as appendicitis. Until a decade ago,the standard recommended treatment for ovarian torsion was removal of the gangrenous ovary without detorsion. However, conservative management for preservation of ovarian function should be undertaken because most females with adnexal torsion are adolescent girls and of childbearing age. A 10-year-old obese girl presented with a 3-days history of right iliac fossa pain. She was operated for acute appendicitis; however, intraoperatively found gangrenous twisted right ovarian cyst measuring 10x6 cm. Detorsion was done and noted the right fallopian tube appeared to be viable within few minutes however the right ovarian cyst remained the same. The postoperative period was uneventful. The same gangrenous ovary was monitored through repeated ultrasound examinations during follow-up visits and found that cyst was gradually decreasing in size and finally disappeared within 3 months. Detorsion of twisted ovarian cyst (conservative management) leads to complete disappearance and ovary not only be saved but also operative morbidity of interval cystectomy was avoided.

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“…Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, accounting for 7-10% of all childhood malignancies (1,2). Most patients present with metastatic disease and have a poor prognosis (2,3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Multi-Drug Resistance Associated Protein 4 and P-glycoprotein in Resistance of Neuroblastoma to Topotecan and Irinotecan

Turner¹

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Clinton Stewart for his guidance and support. I will always appreciate his patience, the numerous opportunities he has provided, and all of the time he has spent teaching me. iii Abstract High-risk neuroblastoma presents a significant therapeutic challenge because the 5-year survival rate remains less than 30% despite the use of surgery, multi-agent chemotherapy, radiation, and autologous bone marrow transplant. Novel therapeutic modalities are under development. The camptothecin analogs topotecan and irinotecan have been identified as successful cytotoxic agents. For topotecan, pharmacokinetically guided dosing to achieve a systemic exposure associated with preclinical anti-tumor activity in neuroblastoma xenograft models is feasible and has elicited favorable responses in children with high-risk neuroblastoma. However, some children with highrisk disease did not respond to the putatively effective topotecan systemic exposure.These children represent a subset of the disease intrinsically resistant to topotecan.Furthermore, mRNA expression of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (MRP1), which efflux many drugs used in neuroblastoma therapy, has been implicated in poor outcome in neuroblastoma. Therefore, the purpose of our studies was to determine the role of ABC transport protein expression in neuroblastoma resistance to the camptothecin analogs topotecan and irinotecan. The results of the in vitro studies demonstrate that MRP4 and Pgp confer resistance to topotecan and SN-38. In the xenograft studies, MRP4 expression was associated with failure to respond to topotecan. However, this phenotype was not recapitulated in children treated with topotecan. These results may be confounded by small sample size and timing of sample acquisition. Further investigation of the role of ABC transporters in children with neuroblastoma who receive either topotecan or irinotecan may be warranted. In addition to the camptothecin analogs, patients will receive other drugs effluxed by the ABC transporters (e.g., doxorubicin, vincristine, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide). Therefore, analyzing ABC transporter expression by immunohistochemistry in diagnostic tumor specimens may help to select agents not subject to efflux by ABC transporters expressed in the tumor. However, eliminating drugs effluxed by ABC transporters from the treatment regimen creates a potential gap in therapy and may reduce drug intensity. Therefore, further rational design and development of drugs that evade ABC transporter-mediated efflux, and potentially other resistance mechanisms in neuroblastoma, is also warranted.

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The national cancer data base report on patterns of childhood cancers in the United States

Cited by 192 publications

References 9 publications

A Systematic Review of Molecular and Biological Tumor Markers in Neuroblastoma

A Systematic Review of Molecular and Biological Tumor Markers in Neuroblastoma

Detorsion of Twisted (Gangrenous) Ovarian Cyst Followed by Complete Disappearance of the Cyst-A Case Report of Innovative Outcome

The Role of Multi-Drug Resistance Associated Protein 4 and P-glycoprotein in Resistance of Neuroblastoma to Topotecan and Irinotecan

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