The National Cancer Chemotherapy Program

Frei, Emil

doi:10.1126/science.7046055

Cited by 57 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The thymidine uptake assay will be adopted in further studies on a selected panel of six lines. This panel encompasses the spectra of sensitivities identified for each of the four agents against the original ten lines and may provide a useful screening facility for the development of novel platinum drugs, in that it detects both cell line-determined and structure-determined differences in cytotoxicity.Traditionally, the development of new drugs for the treatment of malignant diseases has relied predominantly on transplantable murine tumour models, such as those used by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) (Frei, 1982;Venditti, 1983). Such models include the P388 leukaemia, L1210 leukaemia, Lewis lung carcinoma, B16 melanoma, Colon 38 and CD8F1 mammary carcinoma.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, the development of new drugs for the treatment of malignant diseases has relied predominantly on transplantable murine tumour models, such as those used by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) (Frei, 1982;Venditti, 1983). Such models include the P388 leukaemia, L1210 leukaemia, Lewis lung carcinoma, B16 melanoma, Colon 38 and CD8F1 mammary carcinoma.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Biological properties of ten human ovarian carcinoma cell lines: calibration in vitro against four platinum complexes

Hills

Kèlland²,

Abel³

et al. 1989

Br J Cancer

165

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Summary Ten human ovarian carcinoma cell lines have been studied as a potential in vitro screen for the development of novel anticancer platinum complexes. Lines have been established and developed both from solid and ascitic tumours, from pretreated and untreated patients, and are available at a range of in vitro passage numbers. The biological properties of the lines were consistent with them being human, epithelial and of ovarian carcinoma origin. Using a tritiated thymidine or leucine uptake method, and a 96 hour continuous drug exposure, the lines have been calibrated against four platinum-containing chemotherapeutic agents: cisplatin, iproplatin, carboplatin and tetraplatin. Striking differences in cytotoxicity were observed across the lines for each agent. Some lines were consistently resistant, others generally sensitive, whereas some showed clear evidence of differential sensitivity to a particular agent. Statistical analysis (Spearman rank correlation) involving the six possible pairings of drugs showed that cisplatin, iproplatin and carboplatin elicit a very similar pattern of response in these lines whereas tetraplatin elicits a completely different response pattern. Similar cytotoxicity values were obtained using a soft agar cloning assay. Results using a tetrazolium dye reduction assay, however, gave somewhat higher and more variable values, particularly with tetraplatin. The thymidine uptake assay will be adopted in further studies on a selected panel of six lines. This panel encompasses the spectra of sensitivities identified for each of the four agents against the original ten lines and may provide a useful screening facility for the development of novel platinum drugs, in that it detects both cell line-determined and structure-determined differences in cytotoxicity.Traditionally, the development of new drugs for the treatment of malignant diseases has relied predominantly on transplantable murine tumour models, such as those used by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) (Frei, 1982;Venditti, 1983). Such models include the P388 leukaemia, L1210 leukaemia, Lewis lung carcinoma, B16 melanoma, Colon 38 and CD8F1 mammary carcinoma. Our earlier work, which predicted the clinical antitumour activities of the platinum analogues JM8 (carboplatin) and JM9 (iproplatin), exploited predominantly the platinum-sensitive ADJ/PC6 murine plasmacytoma (Harrap et al., 1980;Harrap, 1985). Other workers have generated cisplatin-resistant variants of the L1210 and P388 tumours in attempts to identify novel platinum drugs which might exhibit wider spectra of antitumour activities (Burchenal et al., 1979(Burchenal et al., , 1980. Tetraplatin exhibits no cross-resistance in such models and is currently under preclinical development at NCI (Anderson et al., 1986). A recent reappraisal of screening models at the NCI has resulted in the replacement of the in vivo murine panel in favour of a range of in vitro human tumour cell lines representative of the major histological types (Boyd, 1986).Clinical trials using platinum-con...

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological properties of ten human ovarian carcinoma cell lines: calibration in vitro against four platinum complexes

Hills

Kèlland²,

Abel³

et al. 1989

Br J Cancer

165

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“…Frei (1982) by interval debulking surgery has been proposed as an alternative approach for the initial management of ovarian cancer, aiming at the improvement of surgical efficiency and patients' quality of life. In a retrospective study by Mazzeo et al (2003), patients with primarily unresectable ovarian cancer received a median of four platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy courses, followed by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with an objective response or stable disease after induction of chemotherapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in the Management of Advanced Ovarian Cancer

Zhao

Wu²,

Wang³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Objective: To analyze efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 107 patients with advanced ovarian cancer undergoing cytoreductive surgery were divided into a neoadjuvant chemotherapy group (n=61) and a primary debulking group (n=46) and retrospectively analyzed. Platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy was applied to both groups after cytoreductive surgery ande overall and progression-free survival times were calculated.

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“…Carcinogenesis, biogeochemical cycles, and human behavior are extraordinarily difficult subjects. Despite occasional claims of major progress (109,110), fundamental understanding is still elusive. Within the time frame of requisite societal action in coping with hazard, such decisions will have to be made within the current bounds of uncertainty.…”

Section: Scientific Contributions To Hazard Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative risk analysis of technological hazards (a review).

Kates¹,

Kasperson²

1983

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

102

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Hazards are threats to people and what they value and risks are measures of hazards. Comparative analyses of the risks and hazards of technology can be dated to Starr's 1969 paper [Starr, C. (1969) Science 165, [1232][1233][1234][1235][1236][1237][1238] but are rooted in recent trends in the evolution of technology, the identification of hazard, the perception of risk, and the activities of society. These trends have spawned an interdisciplinary quasi profession with new terminology, methodology,, and literature. A review of 54 Englishlanguage monographs and book-length collections, published between 1970 and 1983, identified seven recurring themes: (i) overviews of the field of risk assessment, (ii) efforts to estimate and quantify risk, (iii) discussions of risk acceptability, (iv) perception, (v) analyses of regulation, (vi) Enter the risk assessors and hazard managers. Self-appointed or summoned by society, they come from diverse disciplines and professions (Table 1) Beginning with World War II and the development of the atomic bomb, an impressive technological revolution that has accompanied major expansion of certain goods and services has generated an alarming array of hazardous materials, products, and processes. These developments stem in part from the exponential increase in production of synthetic chemicals, the concentration by mining and processing of materials normally dispersed in nature, and the changes in energy flow and mineral cycling that accompany massive engineering works, transportation routes, and waste creation and disposal.Commoner (57) has argued that these changes are fundamental and disjunctive, not simply a continuation of the processes initiated by the Industrial Revolution. In any case, improved monitoring has surely heightened the sense of technology as hazard. Major advances in analytic and bioassay methods virtually ensure positive identification of chemical and biological hazards (58, 59). New screening devices, computer models, and monitoring and surveillance systems enhance capability for identifying, estimating, and assessing hazards (49).Recognition (or even mere suspicion) of new hazards also stems in no small measure from a discernibly heightened public perception of danger and from increased expectations and demands for protection and safety. Though trailing both hazard making and monitoring, public attitudes changed rapidly in the early 1970s and now show signs of leveling off as a continuing, potent force in the society. The environmental and consumer movements have lessened in intensity since the early 1970s, but that is more likely a measure of success in institutionalizing public protection than a diminution of public concern (60). deed, even in the face of grave economic recession-and a national antiregulatory climate, recent polls demonstrate convincingly both a persistence of strong public values for environmental quality (61, 62) and a mounting concern over technological risk (61,63).The explanation for these perceptions, concerns, and expect...

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The National Cancer Chemotherapy Program

Cited by 57 publications

References 25 publications

Biological properties of ten human ovarian carcinoma cell lines: calibration in vitro against four platinum complexes

Biological properties of ten human ovarian carcinoma cell lines: calibration in vitro against four platinum complexes

Role of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in the Management of Advanced Ovarian Cancer

Comparative risk analysis of technological hazards (a review).

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