The National Ambient Air Monitoring Strategy: Rethinking the Role of National Networks

Scheffe, Richard D.; Solomon, Paul A.; Husar, Rudolf B.; Hanley, Tim; Schmidt, Mark; Koerber, Michael; Gilroy, Michael; Hemby, James; Watkins, Nealson; Papp, Michael; Rice, John; Tikvart, Joe; Valentinetti, Ricard

doi:10.3155/1047-3289.59.5.579

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The assessment considered, for example, the number of sites within a geographic area, how PM correlated among those sites, and whether the sites were within an Scheffe et al, 2009) and STN sites; reducing carbon blanks from 10% to 5%; and eliminating carbon dynamic blanks currently at 5%. Implementation of recommendations is scheduled for early 2015 if approved and after all stakeholders have input.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RTI EDXRF and Chester LabNet laboratories analyze filters from the long-term trend networks (STN and NCORE;EPA, 2005c;Scheffe et al, 2009). Filters collected by California, Oregon, and Texas are analyzed by state and local district laboratories (California Air Resources Board, DRI, and Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, South Coast Air Quality Management District) (Smiley, 2013).…”

Section: Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

U.S. National PM_2.5Chemical Speciation Monitoring Networks—CSN and IMPROVE: Description of networks

Solomon

Crumpler

Flanagan

et al. 2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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219

173

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

U.S. National PM_2.5Chemical Speciation Monitoring Networks—CSN and IMPROVE: Description of networks

Solomon

Crumpler

Flanagan

et al. 2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

Self Cite

219

173

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“…57 AlHamdan et al 57 provide an interesting and useful analysis of relationships between surface air quality and spacebased satellite AOD to estimate human exposure. They obtain mostly urban PM data from EPA's Air Quality System (AQS), 58,59 but they neglect the potentially more useful PM 2.5 and chemical speciation data from the nonurban Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) 47,60 and the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) [61][62][63] networks. They correlate PM 2.5 mass with optical depth, although visibility assessments show that light extinction is better represented by a weighted sum of PM 2.5 sulfate, nitrate, organic carbon, elemental carbon, and soil dust.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Sensing of Particulate Pollution from Space: Have We Reached the Promised Land?

Hidy¹,

Brook

Chow

et al. 2009

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…More than 93% of IMPROVE sites are located in nonurban national parks and wilderness areas, representing regional-scale (100 -1000 km) source influences, whereas the remaining networks are dominated by urban-scale (4 -100 km), neighborhoodscale (0.5-4 km), and some source-oriented (Ͻ ϳ0.5 km) sampling sites. [53][54][55] The nature of EC and BC also has changed through time, largely because of the fleet penetration of better controlled gasoline-and diesel-fueled engines that has substantially lowered soot emissions. 56,57 …”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filter Light Attenuation as a Surrogate for Elemental Carbon

Chow

Watson

Green

et al. 2010

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Light attenuation (b att ) measured from filter light transmission is compared with elemental carbon (EC) measurements for more than 180,000 collocated PM 2.5 (particulate matter [PM] Յ 2.5 m in aerodynamic diameter) and PM 10 (PM Յ 10 m in aerodynamic diameter) samples from nearly 200 U.S. locations during the past 2 decades. Although there are theoretical reasons for expecting highly variable relationships between b att and EC (such as the effects of "brown carbon" and iron oxides in PM 2.5 ), reasonable correlations are found. These correlations are not a strong function of season or location (e.g., rural vs. urban). Median EC concentrations can be predicted from filter transmittance measurements to within Ϯ15-30%. Although EC predicted from b att shows larger uncertainties (30 -60%), especially at concentrations less than 0.3 g/m 3 , the consistent mass absorption efficiency ( att ) derived from the regression analysis demonstrates the feasibility of using b att as a surrogate for EC. This study demonstrates that a constant factor of 0.1 g/m 2 (equivalent to the 10 m 2 /g att used in the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments chemical extinction formula) can be used to estimate EC concentrations from b att through a Teflon-membrane filter sample. Greater accuracy is achieved with site-specific att derived from a period with collocated EC measurements. INTRODUCTIONElemental carbon (EC) or black carbon (BC) in suspended particulate matter (PM) is related to adverse effects on human health, 1-3 visibility degradation, 1,2 the Earth's radiation balance, 3-5 and material damage. 6 Thermal methods for EC analyses quantify PM chemical and physical properties, 7 whereas BC analyses 8 -11 characterize PM light absorption properties.Attenuation of light reflected from or transmitted through a filter onto which PM is collected has long been used to quantify BC as an air pollution indicator. 12 British smoke, 13 also called "black smoke," measures the darkening of a paper filter with reflected light after polluted air is drawn through it. The U.S. coefficient of haze (COH) 14 measures attenuation of light transmitted through a paper tape that advances to a clean portion when the sample becomes too dark. Relationships between the COH "soiling index" and PM mass concentrations were established, 15 but these became less useful as soot from incomplete combustion was reduced in primary emissions. 16,17 Modern filter transmission instruments for BC include the Aethalometer, 18 the particle soot absorption photometer (PSAP), 19 the integrating sphere, 20,21 and several variations of the integrating plate. 20,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Modern filter reflectance methods include the SX200 black smoke monitor 33 and the M43D smoke stain reflectometer. 32 The multiangle absorption photometer (MAAP) 34,35 is a light transmission and reflection method that also accounts for light scattering effects.Light absorption (b abs in inverse megameters, Mm Ϫ1 ) is approximated by light attenuation (b...

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The National Ambient Air Monitoring Strategy: Rethinking the Role of National Networks

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

U.S. National PM_2.5Chemical Speciation Monitoring Networks—CSN and IMPROVE: Description of networks

U.S. National PM_2.5Chemical Speciation Monitoring Networks—CSN and IMPROVE: Description of networks

Remote Sensing of Particulate Pollution from Space: Have We Reached the Promised Land?

Filter Light Attenuation as a Surrogate for Elemental Carbon

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The National Ambient Air Monitoring Strategy: Rethinking the Role of National Networks

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

U.S. National PM2.5Chemical Speciation Monitoring Networks—CSN and IMPROVE: Description of networks

U.S. National PM2.5Chemical Speciation Monitoring Networks—CSN and IMPROVE: Description of networks

Remote Sensing of Particulate Pollution from Space: Have We Reached the Promised Land?

Filter Light Attenuation as a Surrogate for Elemental Carbon

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

U.S. National PM_2.5Chemical Speciation Monitoring Networks—CSN and IMPROVE: Description of networks

U.S. National PM_2.5Chemical Speciation Monitoring Networks—CSN and IMPROVE: Description of networks