The National Adult Reading Test: restandardisation against the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth edition

Bright, Peter; Hale, Emily; Gooch, Vikki Jayne; Myhill, Thomas; Linde, Ian van der

doi:10.1080/09602011.2016.1231121

Cited by 91 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Mood was assessed via a self-report questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; Beck et al ., 1996). Patients were also administered the National Adult Reading Test (NART (Bright et al ., 2016), and their predicted pre-morbid full scale IQ was calculated. The NART is an established measure of premorbid intelligence and serves as a surrogate of cognitive reserve, with the benefit of offering greater variance than years of education in a homogenous sample (Stern et al ., 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine Depletion Alters Macroscopic Network Dynamics in Parkinson’s Disease

Shine

Bell

Matar

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Parkinson’s disease is primarily characterised by diminished dopaminergic function, however the impact of these impairments on large-scale brain dynamics remains unclear. It has been difficult to disentangle the direct effects of Parkinson’s disease from compensatory changes that reconfigure the functional signature of the whole brain network. To examine the causal role of dopamine depletion in network-level topology, we investigated time-varying network structure in 37 individuals with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, both ‘On’ and ‘Off’ dopamine replacement therapy, along with 50 age-matched, healthy control subjects using resting-state functional MRI. By tracking dynamic network-level topology, we found that the Parkinson’s disease ‘Off’ state was associated with greater network-level integration than in the ‘On’ state. The extent of integration in the ‘Off’ state inversely correlated with motor symptom severity, suggesting that a shift toward a more integrated network topology may be a compensatory mechanism associated with preserved motor function in the dopamine depleted ‘Off’ state. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that measures of both cognitive and brain reserve (i.e., premorbid intelligence and whole brain grey matter volume) had a positive relationship with the relative increase in network integration observed in the dopaminergic ‘Off’ state. This suggests that each of these factors plays an important role in promoting network integration in the dopaminergic ‘Off’ state. Our findings provide a mechanistic basis for understanding the PD ‘Off’ state and provide a further conceptual link with network-level reconfiguration. Together, our results highlight the mechanisms responsible for pathological and compensatory change in Parkinson’s disease.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine Depletion Alters Macroscopic Network Dynamics in Parkinson’s Disease

Shine

Bell

Matar

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…One of the limitations of the NART, and most other methods for estimating premorbid ability, is that the estimates are most valid for estimating premorbid IQ and not other, more specific, cognitive abilities (e.g., attention, memory, executive function, psychomotor function, visuospatial ability and language). For example, past research shows the NART is particularly problematic in estimating premorbid executive function (Bright et al, ). Therefore, the current results should not be used to facilitate interpretation of decline in more specific cognitive domains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the current results should not be used to facilitate interpretation of decline in more specific cognitive domains. Further, it has been posited that reading tests such as the NART may be best as an estimate of premorbid function for intelligence in the average range, and that it overestimates premorbid intelligence for those in the low range and underestimates premorbid intelligence for those in the high range (Bright, Hale, Gooch, Myhill, & VanDerLinde, ). However, these points remain to be assessed in an OSA population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Points are awarded for correct pronunciation. The present analysis examined the NART‐estimated Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) (equivalent to WAIS‐R or WAIS‐IV FSIQ estimates [Bright, Hale, Gooch, Myhill, & van der Linde, ]) with and without the addition of demographic variables (Crawford's equation was used to provide demographic‐adjusted FSIQ estimates) to determine whether estimates of premorbid intelligence, with or without demographic corrections, are affected by untreated OSA severity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A brief report: The National Adult Reading Test (NART) is a stable assessment of premorbid intelligence across disease severity in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

Olaithe

Bucks

Eastwood

et al. 2019

Journal of Sleep Research

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a widely prevalent disorder that can affect cognitive function. The relationship between cognitive function and OSA is known to be affected by an individual's premorbid cognitive ability. Tools to measure premorbid intelligence across OSA disease severity have not been validated. This brief report aims to establish if the National Adult Reading Test (NART) provides a stable estimate of premorbid intelligence across levels of OSA disease severity. We examined if NART scores varied systematically across levels of untreated OSA severity (defined according to the apnea–hypopnea index [AHI]) and mean oxygen saturation in sleep clinic (n = 121) and community samples (n = 398) using regression analysis. Simple linear regression was used to predict NART scores based on the AHI. NART‐estimated premorbid IQ scores without demographics did not vary systematically with AHI (F < 1; β = 0.01) or mean SpO2 (F < 1; β = 0.12). NART‐estimated premorbid IQ scores with added demographic information also did not vary systematically with AHI (F < 1; β = −0.01) or mean SpO2 (F < 1; β = 0.15). This preliminary examination shows that the NART provides a stable estimate of premorbid intelligence across untreated OSA disease severity, as demarcated by AHI or mean nocturnal SpO2.

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“…This is important because cognitive reserve provides a retrospective estimated baseline for cognitive function (Roldán-Tapia et al 2012), and the degree of cognitive decline can be a function of ADT treatment duration (Nead et al 2016). The National Adult Reading Test (NART), which provides a measure of reading intelligence that is more stable over time than other facets of intelligence, is one example of a relatively simple and easy-to-administer neurocognitive instrument that estimates cognitive reserve (Bright et al 2016). To determine the cognitive performance in PCa survivors on ADT, standardised, objective measures of cognitive domains shown to be affected by ADT should be included (Wefel et al 2011).…”

Section: The Effects Of Androgen Deprivation On Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive decline in prostate cancer patients undergoing ADT: a potential role for exercise training

Mundell¹,

Daly²,

Macpherson³

2017

Endocrine-Related Cancer

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Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is an effective and widely prescribed treatment for prostate cancer (PCa), but it is associated with multiple treatment-induced adverse effects that impact on various musculoskeletal and cardiometabolic health outcomes. Emerging research has shown that ADT is also associated with cognitive impairment, which has been linked to a loss of independence, increased falls and fracture risk and greater use of medical services. The aim of this review is to outline the evidence related to the effect of ADT use on cognitive function, and propose a role for exercise training as part of usual care to prevent and/or manage cognitive impairments for PCa survivors on ADT. The following results have been obtained from this study. ADT has been shown to adversely affect specific cognitive domains, particularly verbal memory, visuomotor function, attention and executive function. However, current clinical guidelines do not recommend routine assessment of cognitive function in these men. No studies have examined whether exercise training can preserve or improve cognitive function in these men, but in healthy adults', multimodal exercise training incorporating aerobic training, progressive resistance training (PRT) and challenging motor control exercises have the potential to attenuate cognitive decline. In conclusion, as treatment with ADT for men with PCa has been associated with a decline in cognition, it is recommended that cognitive function be routinely monitored in these men and that regular exercise training be prescribed to preserve (or improve) cognitive function. Assessment of cognition and individualised exercise training should be considered in the usual treatment plan of PCa patients receiving ADT.

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The National Adult Reading Test: restandardisation against the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth edition

Cited by 91 publications

References 8 publications

Dopamine Depletion Alters Macroscopic Network Dynamics in Parkinson’s Disease

Dopamine Depletion Alters Macroscopic Network Dynamics in Parkinson’s Disease

A brief report: The National Adult Reading Test (NART) is a stable assessment of premorbid intelligence across disease severity in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

Cognitive decline in prostate cancer patients undergoing ADT: a potential role for exercise training

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