The Nasopharyngeal Swab in the Diagnosis of Pertussis

Saito, Tomoyo; Miller, John J.; Leach, Charles W.

doi:10.2105/ajph.32.5.471

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The recommended shaft length is ∼15cm and diameter of tip is ∼1-3.2mm. Other important properties include smoothness/softness, flexibility, ability to withstand torsion force, breakpoints, durability, collection sufficiency and PCR compatibility (21, 23). In this study we performed a qualitative analysis of the properties of three commercially available NP swabs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of three nasopharyngeal swab types and the impact of physiochemical properties for optimal SARS-CoV-2 detection

Kahamba¹,

Noble²,

Stevens

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Adequate swab specimen collection, release and detection of nucleic acids by molecular diagnostic assays is largely attributed to the physical and chemical characteristics of different swab types. We investigated properties of three types of commercial nasopharyngeal swabs (nylon flocked: Type 1-Media Merge; Type 2- Kang Jian Medical Apparatus, China and Type 3- Wuxi NEST Biotechnology Co. Ltd, China) used in clinical diagnostics with the aim to establish if different swab designs and configurations had any effect on swab performance. Properties investigated included viral absorption, release, capture, extraction and recovery efficiency from each swab for the detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). All swab types (n=18) were inoculated with different amounts of SARS-CoV-2 live viral cultures (1:10, 1:100 and 1:1000 copies/ml) and eluted in sterile phosphate buffer saline. RNA was extracted from all swab eluates using a fully automated system (BD MAX System) and cycle threshold (Ct) values were compared. RNA stability was also investigated after dry storage of swabs at room temperature for 72 hours. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in the absorption and release capabilities between Type 1 and 3 as well as between Type 2 and 3 swabs, however, no significant difference was observed between Type 1 and 2. Ct values and extraction efficiency amounts of SARS-CoV-2 varied amongst the swab types. We conclude that in order to facilitate accurate SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, assessment of NP swab characteristics is of importance before implementation for specimen collection in the clinical setting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of three nasopharyngeal swab types and the impact of physiochemical properties for optimal SARS-CoV-2 detection

Kahamba¹,

Noble²,

Stevens

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…There can be no doubt that Bordet and Gengou realized the value of selectivity for the primary culture of H. pertussis, for they deliberately omitted peptone from their medium with the words 'Ne contenant pas de peptone il est peu favorable a la culture de certains saprophytes de la putrefaction' ( Bordet & Gengou, 1906). Nevertheless, peptone has been included by many who considered the gain in growth worth the loss in selectivity (Shiga, Imai & Eguchi, 1913;Donald, 1938;Saito, Miller & Leach, 1942). In what is probably the only recorded search for a selective medium, Povitzky (1923) tested a small number of dyes and several media.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several of the other presumptive factors have been considered: Cruikshank (1944) showed the advantage of using a carrier medium when transport was delayed; Sauer & Hambrecht (1930) and Saito et-al. (1942) noted the need for thick plates; Lawson & Mueller (1927) emphasized the importance of fresh blood; and Bradford & Brooks (1941) used an incubation temperature of 35° C. Of these the value of incubation at 35° C. is perhaps least well known.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new selective medium forHaemophilus pertussis, containing a diamidine, sodium fluoride and penicillin

Lacey¹

1954

J. Hyg.

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1. A highly selective medium forH. pertussishas been made by incorporating 4:4'-diamidinodiphenylamine dihydrochloride (M & B 938), penicillin and sodium fluoride in a partially defined base.2. M & B 938 has an interesting selectivity which is much influenced by its environment, especially by the ionic composition of the medium. No pattern has emerged from a study of the effects of eighty salts and many other substances on its activity; but the gain in selectivity forH. pertussisproduced by cysteine and magnesium malonate has been usefully exploited.3. In a strict comparison with Bordet-Gengou the new medium yielded 28% more positive cultures from per-nasal swabs and 75% more from post-nasal swabs. With the new medium the incidence of serious rival growth from any part of the nasopharynx has been about 4% and, in contrast with Bordet-Gengou, postnasal swabs have yielded as many positive cultures as per-nasal swabs.4. The new medium is simple to make, stable, reliable, economical of material and time and suitable for routine use with per-nasal, post-nasal or supralaryngeal swabs, sputum or vomit.5. The new medium growsH. parapertussispoorly; but a highly selective medium forH. parapertussisis easily made by adding streptomycin and penicillin to Bordet-Gengou.6. Whatever the medium, the nature and number of swabs are important factors affecting the isolation ofH. pertussis:with the new medium positive diagnoses from per- and post-nasal swabs taken at the same time were about 40% more than from either swab alone.7. A statistical analysis strongly supports the opinion of Bradford & Slavin (1940) that the relatively poor results with post-nasal swabs on Bordet-Gengou medium are due to the overgrowth ofH. pertussisby rivals rather than to the absence ofH. pertussisfrom the pharynx. It also indicates that the expectation of isolatingH. pertussison Bordet–Gengou varies directly with the numbers present and inversely with the numbers of rivals, especially of diphtheroids and streptococci.8. Addition of 32μg. stilbamidine di-isethionate and 0·25 unit penicillin/ml. to Bordet–Gengou makes an effective selective medium for oral streptococci related to, or of, groups K and L, but not forH. pertussis.I wish to thank my clinical colleagues, especially Dr N. O. Richards and Dr A. Bogdan, for kindly sending swabs from their patients, Professor R. J. V. Pulvertaft for his continuous support, Dr J. A. Fraser Roberts for advice and help with the statistics, Dr A. J. Ewins and Dr H. J. Barber, May and Baker Ltd., for gifts of aromatic diamidines, Dr H. King for gifts of alkyl diamidines and Mr M. Breach, F.I.M.L.T., and Mr A. Drake, F.I.M.L.T., for their help with the preparation of sera, media and routine cultures. I am indebted also to the Central Research Fund of London University and to the Governors of Westminster Hospital for grants for the purchase of materials.

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The Method of Nasopharyngeal Culture in the Diagnosis of Whooping Cough

Brooks¹

1942

JAMA

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The Nasopharyngeal Swab in the Diagnosis of Pertussis

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Comparison of three nasopharyngeal swab types and the impact of physiochemical properties for optimal SARS-CoV-2 detection

Comparison of three nasopharyngeal swab types and the impact of physiochemical properties for optimal SARS-CoV-2 detection

A new selective medium forHaemophilus pertussis, containing a diamidine, sodium fluoride and penicillin

The Method of Nasopharyngeal Culture in the Diagnosis of Whooping Cough

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