The nasal microbiome: opening new clinical research avenues for allergic disease

Mahdavinia, Mahboobeh

doi:10.1080/1744666x.2018.1500177

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…On the contrary, the Corynebacterium genus, found in greater abundance in the analysed HS group, has been negatively correlated with atopic markers such as IL-6, IL-7 and IL-21 as well as with total eosinophil counts [54]. In agreement with our nding, it is known that exaggerated immune response along with a dysfunctional immune barrier and an in amed mucosal epithelium can promote the overgrowth of certain microorganisms and dysbiosis in AR, asthmatic and CR patients [55].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Characterization and Analysis of The Nasal Microbiota and Plasmatic Extracellular Vesicles in Allergic Rhinitis: A Case-Control Study

Mariani¹,

Iodice²,

Cantone³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Increasing evidence suggests a possible link between the bacterial nasal microbiota (bNM) to allergic diseases such as allergic Rhinitis (AR), as it might modulate the allergic response by acting on the onset and progression of allergic inflammation. In this case-control study, we aimed to compare the bNM between 25 AR patients and 25 matched healthy subjects (HS) as well as to evaluate possible modifications within the host-microbiota cross-talk, investigating the release pattern of both bacterial- and host-Extracellular Vesicles (EVs).Results: bNM analysis showed that Actinobacteria (AR: 2.5%-83.5%; HS: 18.6%-92.7%), Firmicutes (AR: 6.1%-63.5%; HS: 6.4%-72.2%) and Proteobacteria (AR: 0.6%-89.6%; HS 0.7%-38%) were the most abundant phyla in the study population. Diversity reduction in AR patient bNM was pointed out compared to the HS group bNM (Observed OTUs: p =0.018; PD whole tree: p =0.014). Moreover, the distribution of the weighted normalized intra-group UniFrac distances analysis showed a less uniform bacterial community within AR patients rather than HS group (nonparametric test p =0.01). Since EVs may have a central role in the cross-talk between bNM and the host, we evaluated their size and concentration in the plasma of the study subjects. AR patients were characterized by a higher concentration of EVs ranging between 130-231 nm, 257-287 nm and 323-348 nm (p <0.05). We further characterized plasmatic EVs investigating both bacterial-EVs and host-EVs subpopulations and observed that all EV subtypes mean concentrations were higher in AR patients compared to those of HS group, except for EpCAM+ EVs.Conclusion: Our results suggest that AR patients are characterized by a less diverse and wide intra-group variable bNM compared to that of HS, as well as an altered host-microbiota EV communication network. Further studies are needed to disentangle the relationship between the host and the nasal bacterial community during pathological conditions and health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Characterization and Analysis of The Nasal Microbiota and Plasmatic Extracellular Vesicles in Allergic Rhinitis: A Case-Control Study

Mariani¹,

Iodice²,

Cantone³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The traditional hypothesis of “one airway, one disease” is routinely used to express the pathogenic link between asthma and AR ( Grossman, 1997 ). However, very few studies have investigated the differences in the nasal microbiome in asthma and AR ( Mahdavinia, 2018 ). A previous study uncovered relatively increased amounts of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria in patients with asthma ( Fazlollahi et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal Bacterial Microbiome Differs Between Healthy Controls and Those With Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis

Chen

Miles

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Perturbation of the microbiome has numerous associations with the phenotypes and progression in chronic airways disease. However, the differences in the nasal microbiome in asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) have not been defined. We examined whether the nasal microbiome would vary among different comorbidities in asthma and AR and that those differences may be associated with the severity of asthma. Nasal lavage fluid was collected from 110 participants, including 20 healthy controls, 30 subjects with AR, 30 subjects with asthma and 30 subjects with combined asthma + AR. The Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-7) was used to evaluate asthma control status. Using 16S rRNA bacterial gene sequencing, we analyzed nasal microbiome in patients with asthma, AR, combined asthma + AR, and healthy controls. Bacterial diversity was analyzed in corresponding with α diversity indices (Chao and Shannon index). Compared with healthy controls, the Chao index tended to be lower in subjects with AR (P = 0.001), asthma (P = 0.001), and combined asthma + AR (P = 0.001) when compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, the Shannon index was significantly lower in subjects with asthma (P = 0.013) and comorbid asthma with AR (P = 0.004) than the control subjects. Disparity in the structure and composition of nasal bacteria were also observed among the four groups. Furthermore, patients with combined asthma + AR and isolated asthma were divided into two groups according to the level of disease control: partially or well-controlled and uncontrolled asthma. The mean relative abundance observed in the groups mentioned the genera of Pseudoflavonifractor were dominated in patients with well and partially controlled disease, in both isolated asthma and combined asthma + AR. In subjects with uncontrolled asthma and combined asthma + AR, a lower evenness and richness (Shannon index, P = 0.040) was observed in nasal microbiome composition. Importantly, lower evenness and richness in the nasal microbiome may be associated with poor disease control in combined asthma + AR. This study showed the upper airway microbiome is associated with airway inflammation disorders and the level of asthma control.

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“…How and if this susceptibility could be due to the microbiota of the nasal mucosa is still controversial. Nasal cavities are the less investigated ecosystem and only recently extensively studied, showing that are often colonized by a temporally stable microbial community susceptible to environmental changes [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Pidotimod use in treating allergic rhinitis in a pediatric population

et al. 2020

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Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) and adenoidal hypertrophy (AH) are the most frequent causative disorders of nasal obstruction in children, leading to recurrent respiratory infections. Both nasal cavities are colonized by a stable microbial community susceptible to environmental changes and Staphylococcus aureus seems to play the major role. Furthermore, nasal microbiota holds a large number and variety of viruses with upper respiratory tract infections. This local microbiota deserves attention because its modification could induce a virtuous cross-talking with the immune system, with a better clearance of pathogens. Although AR and AH present a different etiopathogenesis, they have in common a minimal chronic inflammation surrounding nasal obstruction; hence it would be challenging to evaluate the effect of an immunomodulator on this minimal chronic inflammation with possible clinical and microbiological effects. The aim of this study is therefore to evaluate the efficacy of an immunomoldulator (Pidotimod) on nasal obstruction in children with AR and/or AH and whether its action involves a variation of nasal microbiota. Methods: We enrolled 76 children: those with allergic rhinitis (AR) sensitized to dust mites entered the AR group, those with adenoidal hypertrophy (AH) the AH group, those with both conditions the AR/AH group and those without AR ± AH as controls (CTRL). At the first visit they performed: skin prick tests, nasal fiberoptic endoscopy, anterior rhinomanometry, nasal swabs. Children with. AR ± AH started treatment with Pidotimod. After 1 month they were re-evaluated performing the same procedures. The primary outcome was the evaluation of nasal obstruction after treatment and the secondary outcome was the improvement of symptoms and the changes in nasal microflora. Results: All patients improved their mean nasal flow (mNF) in respect to the baseline. In AR children mNF reached that one of CTRL. In AH children±AR the mNF was lower in respect to CTRL and AR group. We did not find any differences among all the groups at the two different time points in nasal microflora. Conclusions: Pidotimod is able to give an improvement in nasal obstruction, especially in AR children but this effect seems to be not mediated by changes in nasal microbiota.

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The nasal microbiome: opening new clinical research avenues for allergic disease

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Characterization and Analysis of The Nasal Microbiota and Plasmatic Extracellular Vesicles in Allergic Rhinitis: A Case-Control Study

Characterization and Analysis of The Nasal Microbiota and Plasmatic Extracellular Vesicles in Allergic Rhinitis: A Case-Control Study

Nasal Bacterial Microbiome Differs Between Healthy Controls and Those With Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis

Efficacy of Pidotimod use in treating allergic rhinitis in a pediatric population

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