The nasal cavity microbiota of healthy adults

Bassis, Christine M.; Tang, Alice; Young, Vincent B.; Pynnonen, Melissa A.

doi:10.1186/2049-2618-2-27

Cited by 173 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The finding of higher bacterial loads in the nasal than in the oral cavity here was consistent with a recent microbiota analysis showing that Staphylococcaceae constituted 55% of nasal commensals but was comparatively uncommon in the oral cavity [23]. Despite this, several oral-positive/nasal-negative S. aureus and MRSA carriers were identified, resulting in an overall MRSA carriage rate of 5.5%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence of and risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization among human immunodeficient virus–infected outpatients in Taiwan: oral Candida colonization as a comparator

et al. 2017

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Human immuodeficency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) have increased in recent years in Taiwan. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for nasal and oral S. aureus and MRSA colonization among contemporary HIV-infected populations. Clinical variables for S. aureus and MRSA colonization among HIV-infected outpatients from three hospitals were analyzed and compared with those for oral Candida colonization. Genetic characteristics of MRSA isolates were analyzed. A total of 714 patients were screened for nasal S. aureus colonization, and a subset of 457 patients were also screened for oral S. aureus colonization. Of all patients, 79.4% were receiving HAART, and their mean CD4 count was 472 cells/mm3. The colonization rates in the oral cavity, nasal cavity, and at either site were 18.8%, 31.7%, and 36.8%, respectively, for S. aureus, and 3.1%, 4.4%, and 5.5%, respectively, for MRSA. These rates were all much lower than the previously reported rate of oral Candida colonization (52.4%). By multivariate analysis, a suppressed viral load (<200 copies/mL) protected against oral S. aureus, MRSA, and Candida colonization, and recent use of antibacterial agents protected against oral and nasal S. aureus colonization. Recent incarceration increased the risk of nasal MRSA colonization, while recent hospitalization, tuberculosis, older age, and intravenous drug use increased the risk of oral Candida colonization. Candida spp. did not augment S. aureus or MRSA colonization in the oral cavity. Most of the 41 MRSA isolates recovered belonged to the SCCmec IV/pvl-negative (51.2%) and VT/pvl-positive (26.8%) ST59 local prevalent CA-MRSA clones. Distinct carriage rates demonstrated here suggested that mucosal immunity against colonization might differ in terms of microbes and sites. A decreased risk in oral carriage of MRSA and Candida might be a benefit of HAART.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence of and risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization among human immunodeficient virus–infected outpatients in Taiwan: oral Candida colonization as a comparator

et al. 2017

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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“…The considerable change in infant nasal microbiota from birth to week 3 resulted in marked resemblance to adult nasal microbiota, i.e. domination by Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium as observed previously (Bassis et al, 2014). This is not surprising as the infant and adult nasal mucosae provide a relatively similar environment to bacteria in contrast to the intestine, where breast milk or formula provide specific substrates for foetal gut microbiota contrasting to the niche offered to the adult gut microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Does the maternal vaginal microbiota play a role in seeding the microbiota of neonatal gut and nose?

Sakwińska

Foata

Berger

et al. 2017

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The acquisition and early maturation of infant microbiota is not well understood despite its likely influence on later health. We investigated the contribution of the maternal microbiota to the microbiota of infant gut and nose in the context of mode of delivery and feeding. Using 16S rRNA sequencing and specific qPCR, we profiled microbiota of 42 mother-infant pairs from the GUSTO birth cohort, at body sites including maternal vagina, rectum and skin; and infant stool and nose. In our study, overlap between maternal vaginal microbiota and infant faecal microbiota was minimal, while the similarity between maternal rectal microbiota and infant microbiota was more pronounced. However, an infant's nasal and gut microbiota were no more similar to that of its own mother, than to that of unrelated mothers. These findings were independent of delivery mode. We conclude that the transfer of maternal vaginal microbes play a minor role in seeding infant stool microbiota. Transfer of maternal rectal microbiota could play a larger role in seeding infant stool microbiota, but approaches other than the generally used analyses of community similarity measures are likely to be needed to quantify bacterial transmission. We confirmed the clear difference between microbiota of infants born by Caesarean section compared to vaginally delivered infants and the impact of feeding mode on infant gut microbiota. Only vaginally delivered, fully breastfed infants had gut microbiota dominated by Bifidobacteria. Our data suggest that reduced transfer of maternal vaginal microbial is not the main mechanism underlying the differential infant microbiota composition associated with Caesarean delivery. The sources of a large proportion of infant microbiota could not be identified in maternal microbiota, and the sources of seeding of infant gut and nasal microbiota remain to be elucidated.

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“…Different microbiomes for different sites in the upper airways have been described [10, 31]. In humans, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes accounted for the majority of nasal bacteria, with a lower prevalence of Proteobacteria .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial microbiome of the nose of healthy dogs and dogs with nasal disease

Tress¹,

Dorn²,

Suchodolski

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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The role of bacterial communities in canine nasal disease has not been studied so far using next generation sequencing methods. Sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes has revealed that the canine upper respiratory tract harbors a diverse microbial community; however, changes in the composition of nasal bacterial communities in dogs with nasal disease have not been described so far. Aim of the study was to characterize the nasal microbiome of healthy dogs and compare it to that of dogs with histologically confirmed nasal neoplasia and chronic rhinitis. Nasal swabs were collected from healthy dogs (n = 23), dogs with malignant nasal neoplasia (n = 16), and dogs with chronic rhinitis (n = 8). Bacterial DNA was extracted and sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was performed. Data were analyzed using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME). A total of 376 Operational Taxonomic Units out of 26 bacterial phyla were detected. In healthy dogs, Moraxella spp. was the most common species, followed by Phyllobacterium spp., Cardiobacteriaceae, and Staphylococcus spp. While Moraxella spp. were significantly decreased in diseased compared to healthy dogs (p = 0.005), Pasteurellaceae were significantly increased (p = 0.001). Analysis of similarities used on the unweighted UniFrac distance metric (p = 0.027) was significantly different when nasal microbial communities of healthy dogs were compared to those of dogs with nasal disease. The study showed that the canine nasal cavity is inhabited by a highly species-rich bacterial community, and suggests significant differences between the nasal microbiome of healthy dogs and dogs with nasal disease.

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The nasal cavity microbiota of healthy adults

Cited by 173 publications

References 22 publications

Prevalence of and risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization among human immunodeficient virus–infected outpatients in Taiwan: oral Candida colonization as a comparator

Prevalence of and risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization among human immunodeficient virus–infected outpatients in Taiwan: oral Candida colonization as a comparator

Does the maternal vaginal microbiota play a role in seeding the microbiota of neonatal gut and nose?

Bacterial microbiome of the nose of healthy dogs and dogs with nasal disease

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