The nasal cavities of the Toad Hemipipa carvalhoi Mir. ‐Rib. and other Pipidae.

Paterson, Nellie F.; Hindle, Edward

doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1951.tb00802.x

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The MC is always filled with water and serves the animal to sense water-borne odorants, whereas the PC is filled with air and detects air-borne odorants (Altner 1962). The presence of sensory epithelium in the MC appears to be unique to Xenopus and other pipids (Paterson 1951) and is clearly functionally correlated with the aquatic lifestyle of adults. Most anurans have only a main OE, located in the PC, and a VNO (Scalia 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval development and metamorphosis of the olfactory and vomeronasal organs in the toad Rhinella (Bufo) arenarum (Hensel, 1867)

2010

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Jungblut, L.D., Pozzi, A.G. and Paz, D.A. 2011. Larval development and metamorphosis of the olfactory and vomeronasal organs in the toad Rhinella (Bufo) arenarum (Hensel, 1867). -Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 92: 305-315.The olfactory and the vomeronasal system are the two major chemosensory systems found in terrestrial vertebrates. Among tetrapods, amphibians are unique in having an aquatic larval stage, followed by metamorphosis to a terrestrial adult. In the present work, we studied the histological development of the olfactory and vomeronasal organ and associated multicellular glands of the toad Rhinella (Bufo) arenarum, from early poshatching larva to postmetamorphic toadlets. As in other bufonids, the olfactory epithelium of R. arenarum in larvae is divided into dorsal and ventral branches in the rostral and mid-nasal regions. At metamorphic climax, the larval pattern changes drastically and the adult olfactory configuration develops. Bowman's glands appear in the olfactory epithelium of R. arenarum at the onset of metamorphic climax. The vomeronasal epithelium develops early in larval development in R. arenarum, around the time of operculum development. Interestingly, a novel sensory epithelium develops in the floor of the principal chamber of R. arenarum at metamorphic climax. This novel sensory epithelium resembles larval sensory epithelium lacking Bowman's glands, and suggests that these animals would be able to sense not only air-borne, but also water-borne odors during their adult terrestrial life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval development and metamorphosis of the olfactory and vomeronasal organs in the toad Rhinella (Bufo) arenarum (Hensel, 1867)

2010

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“…In Ascaphus truei , the anterolateral region of the principal cavity is lined by a “larval type” sensory epithelium, and appears to be homologous with the recessus olfactorius of other forms (Benzekri & Reiss, ). In the pipids, an accessory sensory cavity is present (Bancroft, ; Paterson, 1939, ; Trahms, ). This is the so‐called “middle cavity” of Xenopus laevis , which contains a sensory epithelium—lacking Bowman's glands—in contrast to the middle cavity of the remainder of anurans (Föske, ; Hansen et al, ; Helling, ; Paterson, ), and is thought to be homologous to the recessus olfactorius of other forms (Helling, ; Reiss & Eisthen, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the pipids, an accessory sensory cavity is present (Bancroft, ; Paterson, 1939, ; Trahms, ). This is the so‐called “middle cavity” of Xenopus laevis , which contains a sensory epithelium—lacking Bowman's glands—in contrast to the middle cavity of the remainder of anurans (Föske, ; Hansen et al, ; Helling, ; Paterson, ), and is thought to be homologous to the recessus olfactorius of other forms (Helling, ; Reiss & Eisthen, ). Thus, the enlargement of the recessus olfactorius in adult stages of Lepidobatrachus (particularly L. laevis ) while not as extensive as that in Ascaphus or the pipids, appears to be a specialization to the aquatic lifestyle of these frogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The morphology of the olfactory system in adult stages has been studied in great detail in ranids (Døving, Trotier, Rosin, & Holley, 1993;Gaupp, 1904;McCotter, 1917;Tsui, 1946), in basal anurans (Benzekri & Reiss, 2012;Stephenson, 1951;Wagner, 1934), and in pipids (Dit- surveys across anurans (Helling, 1938;Jurgens, 1971). These studies have shown that the general morphology and organization of this system are shared by the majority of anurans, with the exception of the pipids and ascaphids, in which certain morphological peculiarities have been described as related to the aquatic habits of adults (Paterson, 1951;Reiss & Eisthen, 2008), and in the recently described deviant anatomy of the mantellid Mantidactylus betsileanus (Junk et al, 2014;Nowack & Vences, 2016), where the functional significance appears to relate to perception of femoral gland pheromone secretions (Nowack et al, 2017). The analysis of the adult morphology of the nose in ceratophryid frogs also reveals a somewhat deviant morphology in adult stages of the aquatic Lepidobatrachus spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This organization is common to most anurans in which the metamorphic transformation of the nose is associated with the water‐to‐land transition. Pipid frogs, which are entirely aquatic as adults, constitute a remarkable exception to this generalized morphology; they have an accessory sensory cavity, proposed to be a morphological specialization for aquatic olfaction, related to their secondarily aquatic adult habits (Föske, ; Meyer, Fackler, Jadhao, D'Aniello, & Kicliter, ; Paterson, ; Reiss & Eisthen, ; Trahms, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ontogeny of the olfactory system in ceratophryid frogs (Anura, Ceratophryidae)

Quinzio

Reiss

2017

Journal of Morphology

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The aquatic-to-terrestrial shift in the life cycle of most anurans suggests that the differences between the larval and adult morphology of the nose are required for sensory function in two media with different physical characteristics. However, a better controlled test of specialization to medium is to compare adult stages of terrestrial frogs with those that remain fully aquatic as adults. The Ceratophryidae is a monophyletic group of neotropical frogs whose diversification from a common terrestrial ancestor gave rise to both terrestrial (Ceratophrys, Chacophrys) and aquatic (Lepidobatrachus) adults. So, ceratophryids represent an excellent model to analyze the morphology and possible changes related to a secondary aquatic life. We describe the histomorphology of the nose during the ontogeny of the Ceratophryidae, paying particular attention to the condition in adult stages of the recessus olfactorius (a small area of olfactory epithelium that appears to be used for aquatic olfaction) and the eminentia olfactoria (a raised ridge on the floor of the principal cavity correlated with terrestrial olfaction). The species examined (Ceratophrys cranwelli, Chacophrys pierottii, Lepidobatrachus laevis, and L. llanensis) share a common larval olfactory organ composed by the principal cavity, the vomeronasal organ and the lateral appendix. At postmetamorphic stages, ceratophryids present a common morphology of the nose with the principal, middle, and inferior cavities with characteristics similar to other neobatrachians at the end of metamorphosis. However, in advanced adult stages, Lepidobatrachus laevis presents a recessus olfactorius with a heightened (peramorphic) development and a rudimentary (paedomorphic) eminentia olfactoria.Thus, the adult nose in Lepidobatrachus laevis arises from a common developmental€terrestrial €path-way up to postmetamorphic stages, when its ontogeny leads to a distinctive morphology related to the evolutionarily derived, secondarily aquatic life of adults of this lineage. K E Y W O R D Sanurans, Lepidobatrachus, nose, recessus olfactorius, secondary aquatic life | I N TR ODU C TI ONWe examine the larval and adult morphology of the peripheral olfactory system in a clade of South American frogs, a clade that includes genera with terrestrial adults (Ceratophrys and Chacophrys) and with secondarily aquatic adults (Lepidobatrachus). The primary question we ask is whether this major difference in lifestyle is correlated with morphological changes in the peripheral olfactory system, and if so, which?We also seek to determine the overall pattern of olfactory ontogeny in the species of the clade, and how it differs among them.Although direct development has evolved at least ten times independently among the anurans (Heinicke et al., 2009), the majority of anuran species are characterized by a biphasic life cycle. In such life cycles, there are larval and adult phases, distinct in their morphology, physiology, and ecology, and united in ontogeny by the set of cellular and systemic changes t...

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Ultrastructure of the olfactory organ in the clawed frog,Xenopus laevis, during larval development and metamorphosis

et al. 1998

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Development of the olfactory epithelia of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Stages examined ranged from hatching through the end of metamorphosis. The larval olfactory organ consists of two chambers, the principal cavity and the vomeronasal organ (VNO). A third sensory chamber, the middle cavity, arises during metamorphosis. In larvae, the principal cavity is exposed to water-borne odorants, but after metamorphosis it is exposed to airborne odorants. The middle cavity and the VNO are always exposed to waterborne odorants. Electron microscopy reveals that in larvae, principal cavity receptor cells are of two types, ciliated and microvillar. Principal cavity supporting cells are also of two types, ciliated and secretory (with small, electron-lucent granules). After metamorphosis, the principal cavity contains only ciliated receptor cells and secretory supporting cells, and the cilia on the receptor cells are longer than in larvae. Supporting cell secretory granules are now large and electron-dense. In contrast, the middle cavity epithelium contains the same cell types seen in the larval principal cavity. The VNO has microvillar receptor cells and ciliated supporting cells throughout life. The cellular process by which the principal cavity epithelium changes during metamorphosis is not entirely clear. Morphological evidence from this study suggests that both microvillar and ciliated receptor cells die, to be replaced by newly generated cells. In addition, ciliated supporting cells also appear to die, whereas there is evidence that secretory supporting cells transdifferentiate into the adult type. In summary, significant developmental additions and neural plasticity are involved in remodeling the olfactory epithelium in Xenopus at metamorphosis.

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The nasal cavities of the Toad Hemipipa carvalhoi Mir. ‐Rib. and other Pipidae.

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Larval development and metamorphosis of the olfactory and vomeronasal organs in the toad Rhinella (Bufo) arenarum (Hensel, 1867)

Larval development and metamorphosis of the olfactory and vomeronasal organs in the toad Rhinella (Bufo) arenarum (Hensel, 1867)

The ontogeny of the olfactory system in ceratophryid frogs (Anura, Ceratophryidae)

Ultrastructure of the olfactory organ in the clawed frog,Xenopus laevis, during larval development and metamorphosis

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