The nanomolar affinity of C-phycocyanin from virtual screening of microalgal bioactive as potential ACE2 inhibitor for COVID-19 therapy

Prasetiya, Fiddy Semba; Destiarani, Wanda; Nuwarda, Rina Fajri; Rohmatulloh, Fauzian G; Natalia, Wiwin; Novianti, Mia T; Ramdani, Taufik; Agung, Mochamad Untung Kurnia; Arsad, Sulastri; Sari, Luthfiana A; Pitriani, Pipit; Suryanti, Suryanti; Gumilar, Gilang; Mouget, Jean‐Luc; Yusuf, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102533

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 55 publications

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“…According to the World Health Organization, the use of disinfectants for cleaning is crucial in preventing the spread of viruses that can be found on surfaces [1]. Disinfectants are substances used to kill pathogens in the environment, but they can also pose a risk to non-target organisms, including living organisms, as highlighted by Prasetiya et al [2]. It is important to strike a balance between effectively eliminating pathogens and minimizing potential harm to non-target organisms during the use of disinfectants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyze the toxicities of benzalkonium chloride as a COVID-19 disinfectant in physiological goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Arianto,

Syah,

Sari

et al. 2023

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) impacts increasing the use of disinfectants (benzalkonium chloride), which indirectly accumulate in water. The disinfectant accumulation in waters has been studied, but there has been no study of its impact on aquatic commodities, especially fish with a high sensitivity, one of which is goldfish (Carassius auratus). Benzalkonium chloride can potentially affect several body proteins, including the cytoskeleton, nervous and endocrine systems, and fish physiology. This study aimed to determine the impact of benzalkonium chloride as a disinfectant on the level of color brightness, growth, gill histopathology, and mortality in goldfish. This investigation provides input into the impact of using disinfectants to prevent COVID-19 on aquatic commodities. Materials and Methods: This study utilized goldfish specimens sourced from Tulungagung, East Java, Indonesia. The experiment involved different concentration levels of benzalkonium chloride: (T1) 0 mg/L, (T2) 0.03 mg/L, (T3) 0.06 mg/L, (T4) 0.09 mg/L, and (T5) 0.12 mg/L. The research data were subjected to an analysis of variance for analysis. In cases where significant differences were observed, Duncan’s test was conducted for color brightness, growth, and mortality data. Furthermore, if the gill histopathological data yielded significant differences, additional tests were applied (Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney test). Results: The findings of this study demonstrated significant differences (p < 0.05) in the level of color brightness, growth, gill histopathology, and mortality in goldfish in response to varying concentrations of benzalkonium chloride. The relationship between the length and weight of the goldfish was analyzed using regression coefficients (b values), which were determined as 4.86, –0.04, –0.2, 0.8, and –0.07, respectively. Notably, the brightness level in the T2 group exhibited positive color results with a hue value of 11.55°, while optimal growth was observed in the T4 group, as evidenced by b value of 0.8. The gill histopathological data showed significant differences (p < 0.05). The scoring of histopathological damage in the goldfish gills ranged from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating more severe damage. The highest total score of 10 was observed in the T5 group exposed to a concentration of 0.12 mg/L, resulting in an 85% mortality rate. This indicates that benzalkonium chloride, with its toxic compounds, can disrupt the respiratory system of fish and lead to death. Conclusion: The effects of benzalkonium chloride were evident even at a concentration of 0.03 mg/L. With increasing concentration, there was an increase in mortality rate, a decrease in growth, and a rise in histopathological damage to the gills. These findings highlight the negative impact of using conventional disinfectants on water and its organisms, emphasizing the need for further research on environmentally friendly alternatives. Keywords: color brightness, fisheries management, freshwater species, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, mortality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyze the toxicities of benzalkonium chloride as a COVID-19 disinfectant in physiological goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Arianto,

Syah,

Sari

et al. 2023

Vet World

Self Cite

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Biosynthesis of the phycocyanin β-subunit in Escherichia coli BL21 and its antioxidant activity and application in the preservation of fresh-cut apples

Zhang,

Fu,

Chen

et al. 2024

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

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Computational Approaches to Designing Antiviral Drugs against COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review

Singh,

Mishra

et al. 2023

CPD

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The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 necessitates innovative strategies for the rapid development of effective treatments. Computational methodologies, such as molecular modelling, molecular dynamics simulations, and artificial intelligence, have emerged as indispensable tools in the drug discovery process. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of these computational approaches and their application in the design of antiviral agents for COVID-19. Starting with an examination of ligand-based and structure-based drug discovery, the review has delved into the intricate ways through which molecular modelling can accelerate the identification of potential therapies. Additionally, the investigation extends to phytochemicals sourced from nature, which have shown promise as potential antiviral agents. Noteworthy compounds, including gallic acid, naringin, hesperidin, Tinospora cordifolia, curcumin, nimbin, azadironic acid, nimbionone, nimbionol, and nimocinol, have exhibited high affinity for COVID-19 Mpro and favourable binding energy profiles compared to current drugs. Although these compounds hold potential, their further validation through in vitro and in vivo experimentation is imperative. Throughout this exploration, the review has emphasized the pivotal role of computational biologists, bioinformaticians, and biotechnologists in driving rapid advancements in clinical research and therapeutic development. By combining state-of-the-art computational techniques with insights from structural and molecular biology, the search for potent antiviral agents has been accelerated. The collaboration between these disciplines holds immense promise in addressing the transmissibility and virulence of SARS-CoV-2.

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The nanomolar affinity of C-phycocyanin from virtual screening of microalgal bioactive as potential ACE2 inhibitor for COVID-19 therapy

Cited by 3 publications

References 55 publications

Analyze the toxicities of benzalkonium chloride as a COVID-19 disinfectant in physiological goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Analyze the toxicities of benzalkonium chloride as a COVID-19 disinfectant in physiological goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Biosynthesis of the phycocyanin β-subunit in Escherichia coli BL21 and its antioxidant activity and application in the preservation of fresh-cut apples

Computational Approaches to Designing Antiviral Drugs against COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review

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