Metadata librarian positions have been increasing in academic andT he roles and responsibilities of cataloging librarians have evolved alongside changes to both cataloging systems and the resources to which libraries provide access. The appearance of the title "metadata librarian," beginning in the late 1990s, reflects the changing role of cataloging librarians as well as a shift in library resources and technology (e.g., developments in digital library initiatives and information technology (IT) with a concurrent increase in the provision of digital resources).1 While metadata is often defined broadly as "data about data," librarians generally mean descriptive metadata that facilitate discovery and access.2 Thus Machine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) format records are technically metadata. However, librarians continue to use the term "metadata" to refer to non-MARC descriptive metadata encompassing a variety of standards, schema, and so on. Perhaps because of this ambiguity, the responsibilities and competencies of metadata librarians have yet to be clearly defined, and job descriptions can vary markedly in terms of the requirements and preferred qualifications listed.The purpose of this study was to determine the competencies of metadata librarians in comparison with those of cataloging librarians. The authors sought to answer the following research questions:1. What is the required skill set for a metadata librarian? 2. Has the skill set changed over time, specifically from 2000 through 2008? 3. Has the organizational home for metadata librarians changed over time? 4. What are the differences between metadata librarians and cataloging librarians in terms of competencies and qualifications?