The Naga insurgency: The past and the future

Kotwal, Dinesh

doi:10.1080/09700160008455245

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The majority of the rank and file in the NSCN were from the Konyak tribe of Nagaland, while the command structure was dominated by the Tangkhuls of Manipur. The Konyaks had an apprehension about the Tangkhuls/Muivah leadership that they were about to accept the GoI plan for Manipuri Nagas (Kotwal, 2000). ‘Allegations and counter allegations on the basis of tribal identity or origin dominated the political struggles of the faction.…”

Section: Shifting From Secessionist Movement To Infightingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From these instances, the Manipuri Nagas also came to realize the impracticality of Nagalim project (Bose, 2013; Singh et al, 2016); consequently, their movement has slowly shifted from ‘Nagalim’ to ‘Southern Nagaland’, a separate state for the Manipuri Nagas by amalgamating four hill districts of Manipur (Ukhrul, Senapati, Tamenglong and Chandel) (Oinam, 2014), which was very much doubted by the Nagas of Nagaland. For instance, the Konyaks, one of the major tribes of Nagaland had an apprehension about the Manipuri Naga, especially the Tangkhuls/Muivah leadership during the undivided NSCN that the latter were about to join hands with the GoI for a separate plan for the Manipuri Nagas (Kotwal, 2000). Since then, Naganization process in Manipur was intensified by the Muivah-led NSCN-IM (Singh et al, 2016).…”

Section: Shifting From Secessionist Movement To Infightingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding Ethnicity-based Autonomy Movements: A Study of Manipur

Singha

2017

Studies in Indian Politics

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Since the 1960s, Manipur has been plagued by Meitei secessionist movements demanding/striving for independence from India. However, in the 1990s, following the upsurge of Naga ethnicity-based autonomy movement within the state and its counter movements by other groups, the secessionist movement was embroiled in internal feuds. In this process, grouping and regrouping of tribal communities had taken place, impinged by the predatory elites for their political and economic interests. Unfortunately, the state's interventions failed to contain protracted conflicts; they rather compounded the situation, gave rise to hybrid ethnic identities and led to the recurrence of demands for internal autonomy.

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Section: Shifting From Secessionist Movement To Infightingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Shifting From Secessionist Movement To Infightingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Ethnicity-based Autonomy Movements: A Study of Manipur

Singha

2017

Studies in Indian Politics

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“…For more information on the Naga situation, see Kotwal (2003), Phillips (2004) and Iralu (2002Iralu ( , 2004Iralu ( , 2005. Since then, although it would be incorrect to speak of full-scale hostilities, the stability in the region is precarious, cease-fire violations occur routinely and continuously, and the activities of the political factions continue to threaten the civilian population and compromise the people's ability to go about their daily lives undisturbed despite the second peace agreement signed by the Indian government and various warring factions in 1997.…”

Section: Nagaland: the Setting Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, although it would be incorrect to speak of full-scale hostilities, the stability in the region is precarious, cease-fire violations occur routinely and continuously, and the activities of the political factions continue to threaten the civilian population and compromise the people's ability to go about their daily lives undisturbed despite the second peace agreement signed by the Indian government and various warring factions in 1997. For more information on the Naga situation, see Kotwal (2003), Phillips (2004) and Iralu (2002Iralu ( , 2004Iralu ( , 2005.…”

Section: Nagaland: the Setting Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflict, fear and social identity in Nagaland

Zagefka

Jamir

2014

Asian Journal of Social Psychology

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This survey study tested the effects of exposure to ethnopolitical conflict and violence and social group identification on psychosocial well-being among a sample of Nagas (n = 280). Nagaland is located in Northeast India, and for decades has suffered from armed conflict and political instability. It was predicted that reported exposure to conflict would be positively associated with reported levels of fear, which in turn would decrease psychosocial well-being (assessed with the indices life satisfaction, self-esteem and general health). It was also expected that strongly identifying with being Naga would be positively related to perceived levels of social support, which in turn were predicted to be positively related to well-being. Last but not least, it was hypothesized that conflict and fear would also directly and negatively impact on levels of identification with being Naga: increased conflict-induced fear was expected to reduce the strength of the group identification. These predictions were confirmed by structural equation modelling.

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“…Today, rebel groups emphasize the notion of a common history and nation for the purpose of mobilization (Keller 1995). Similarly, the Naga group in India is actually composed of 16 tribes, as well as various subtribes, with distinct customs, traditions and languages (Kotwal 2000;Misra 1978). The common identity evolved only under British colonial rule and was mainly defined in terms of the group's perceived "otherness" relative to the rest of India and the Indian government.…”

Section: Ethnic Group and Subgroup Identitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutional Conflict Settlement in Divided Societies: The Role of Subgroup Identities in Self-Government Arrangements

Juan

2012

SSRN Journal

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Institutions can contribute to regulating interethnic conflict; however, in many cases they fail to bring about lasting peace. The paper argues that their negligence of intraethnic factors accounts for some of this failure. Ethnic groups are often treated as unitary actors even though most consist of various linguistic, tribal or religious subgroups. This internal heterogeneity is often obscured by overarching collective ethnic identities that are fostered by interethnic conflict. However, when such interethnic conflict is settled, these subgroup differences may come back to the fore. This "resurgence" can lead to subgroup conflict about the political and economic resources provided through intergroup institutional settlements. Such conflict can in turn undermine the peace-making effect of intergroup arrangements. Different subgroup identity constellations make such destructive effects more or less likely. The paper focuses on self-government provisions in the aftermath of violent interethnic conflict and argues that lasting intergroup arrangements are especially challenging when they involve "contested" ethnic groups.

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The Naga insurgency: The past and the future

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Understanding Ethnicity-based Autonomy Movements: A Study of Manipur

Understanding Ethnicity-based Autonomy Movements: A Study of Manipur

Conflict, fear and social identity in Nagaland

Institutional Conflict Settlement in Divided Societies: The Role of Subgroup Identities in Self-Government Arrangements

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